O Rio de Janeiro não integra a área endêmica brasileira de febre amarela, mas entre janeiro de 2016 e março de 2018, foram registrados 308 casos confirmados, com uma letalidade de 32%. O presente trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para determinação de áreas de risco empregando variáveis ambientais e demográficas para construção de um modelo de regressão logística que identifique as áreas com maior probabilidade de humanos contraírem a febre amarela. Os resultados para o estado do Rio de Janeiro indicam que as variáveis explicativas mais relevantes são a temperatura média anual e a presença de casos de epizootia. Pela metodologia é recomendada a vacinação contra febre amarela na Região Serrana, por suas temperaturas mais baixas em relação ao restante do estado e a presença de epizootias. A Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, que estava inserida na área de recomendação de vacinação com dose fracionada devido ao elevado número de casos, não se mostra inteiramente como prioritária de acordo com o estimador. Os municípios do Norte Fluminense estariam em uma área na qual a recomendação de vacinação contra febre amarela não seria necessária, apesar de registros de casos no local.
Dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) virus infections are widespread throughout the Rio de Janeiro state. The co-circulation of these emergent arboviruses constitutes a serious public health problem, resulting in outbreaks that can spatially and temporally overlap. Environmental conditions favor the presence, maintenance, and expansion of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of these urban arboviruses. This study assessed the detection of clusters of urban arboviruses in the Rio de Janeiro state from 2010 to 2019. Notified cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika were grouped by year according to the onset of symptoms and their municipality of residence. The study period recorded the highest number of dengue epidemics in the state along with the simultaneous circulation of chikungunya and Zika viruses. The analyzes showed that the central municipalities of the metropolitan regions were associated with higher risk areas. Central municipalities in metropolitan regions were the first most likely clusters for dengue and Zika, and the second most likely cluster for chikungunya. Furthermore, the northwest and north regions were comprised clusters with the highest relative risk for the three arboviruses, underscoring the impact of these arboviruses in less densely populated regions of Brazil. The identification of high-risk areas over time highlights the need for effective control measures, targeted prevention and control interventions for these urban arboviral diseases.
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