Rehospitalization rates of patients who were prescribed atypical antipsychotic drugs were similar to those of patients who were prescribed typical antipsychotic drugs for both the group with the first psychotic episode and group with chronic schizophrenia.

As treatment expansion in the opioid epidemic continues, it is important to examine how the makeup of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) is evolving. Treatment programs are increasingly utilizing buprenorphine, an effective OUD medication. This exploratory study examines sex and gender differences in psychosocial, clinical, and substance use treatment characteristics of a clinical population in outpatient medication treatment for OUD with buprenorphine. This is a secondary data analysis from a cross-sectional survey study with retrospective medical record review conducted with patients recruited from an office-based opioid treatment clinic between July-September 2019. Participants on buprenorphine for at least 28 days at time of survey completion were included (n ϭ 133). Differences between men and women were explored with Pearson 2 and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and T-tests for continuous variables. The sample was 55.6% women and nearly three fourths Black (70.7%). Mean days in current treatment episode was 431.6 (SD ϭ 244.82). Women were younger and more likely to be unemployed, identify as a sexual minority, and live alone with children than men. More women than men had a psychiatric comorbidity. Women reported more prescription opioid misuse while men had more heroin only opioid use. More men reported comorbid alcohol use and a history of drug overdose. One third of participants reported recent discrimination in a health care setting due to substance use. As buprenorphine-based outpatient treatment programs continue to expand, present study findings support evaluation of the unique needs of men and women in order to better tailor OUD-related services and improve treatment outcomes. What is the significance of this article for the general public?Focusing on the NIH mandate to consider sex and gender in research and clinical practice, we explored differences between men and women in the growing clinical population of patients in outpatient buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder

SAŽETAK: Svijet je danas suočen s epidemijom kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti. One su glavni uzrok smrti u gotovo svim zemljama svijeta, a ugrožavaju život i zdravlje ljudi, ali i gospodarski razvoj. Obilježavaju ih zajednički čimbenici rizika, zajedničke determinante koje do njih dovode, kao i zajedničke mogućnosti prevencije. Posebno se ističu kardiovaskularne i zloćudne bolesti, dijabetes i kronične respiratorne bolesti povezane s četirima zajedničkim najvažnijim čimbenicima rizika -pušenjem, nepravilnom prehranom, tjelesnom neaktivnosti i štetnom konzumacijom alkohola. Međutim, potrebno je istaknuti i povezanost nezaraznih bolesti i zajedničkih čimbenika rizika s mentalnim poremeća-jima i ozljedama, koji zahtijevaju posebnu pozornost u sklopu kroničnih bolesti. Sve to zajedno znatno opterećuje zdravstveni sustav, uzrokuje visoke troškove i u konačnici utječe na socijalni i ekonomski razvoj države.SUMMARY: Today, the world faces an epidemic of chronic noncommunicable diseases. They are the main cause of death in almost all countries of the world, endangering both the life and health of the people and economic development in general. They are characterized by shared risk factors, shared determinant causes, and shared prevention strategies. Particularly dangerous are cardiovascular and malignant diseases, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases associated with the four main shared risk factors -smoking, improper diet, lack of physical activity, and harmful alcohol consumption. However, it is important to also emphasize the association between noncommunicable diseases and shared risk factors with mental disorders and injuries, which requires special attention when discussing chronic diseases. All of this places a significant strain on the health care system, causes a large financial burden, and consequently influences the social and economic development of a country.KljUčnE RijEči: kronične nezarazne bolesti, teret bolesti, prevencija.KEYwoRdS: chronic noncommunicable diseases, disease burden, prevention. Izvorni znanstveni ËlanakOriginal scientific paper Situacija u svijetuPosljednjih je desetljeća došlo do porasta kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti (KNB) u gotovo svim zemljama svijeta. Prema procjenama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije (SZO), 68 % smrti, u svijetu u 2012. godini, uzrokovano je kroničnim bolestima. Od ukupno 56 milijuna umrlih, 38 milijuna umrlo je zbog kroničnih bolesti (17,5 milijuna od kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB), odnosno 46,2 %; 8,2 milijuna od zloćudnih bolesti -21,7 %; 4 milijuna od respiratornih bolesti -10,7 %; 1,5 milijuna od dijabetesa -4 %). Približno tri četvrtine smrti od KNB-a (28 milijuna)The global situation During recent decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in almost every country in the world. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, 68% of global deaths in 2012 were caused by chronic diseases. Out of the 56 million total deaths, 38 million died from chronic diseases (17.5 million from cardiovascular disea...

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The Republic of Croatia is in central Europe, on the Mediterranean. A large majority of its 4 440 000 inhabitants are Croats (89.6%). The main religion is Roman Catholicism (88%). Sixteen per cent of the population is aged over 65 years. Croatia was a part of Yugoslavia after the Second World War until 1991, when Croatia declared independence. Following the declaration, Croatia was attacked by the Yugoslav army and by Serbia and suffered a devastating war (1991–95). The transition had consequences for mental health, for example a dramatic rise in the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, especially among soldiers. The majority of soldiers received appropriate psychiatric treatment; there has, however, been an increase in claims motivated by secondary gain, as a result of government policy.