Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopment disorder, primarily encompassing difficulties in the social, language, and communicative domains. One of the most common social cognitive theories of autism is based on theory of mind (ToM), the “mentalizing” ability needed to infer that others have their own beliefs and desires in order to understand their behavior. In the current study, this hypothesis was tested using Wellman and Liu's scaled ToM tasks. These were employed in the assessment of ToM development of verbal, school-aged high-functioning boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The results indicated that children with ASD performed significantly worse than normal children on ToM tasks (Z = 4.7; P < 0 .001). However, it was shown that some of the ASD children were able to pass desire and false-belief tasks whereas none of them could succeed in knowledge and real-apparent emotion tasks.

The paper presents a Basical-Ex-Post facto research. 230 graduate students voluntarily answered the CERQ and MCMI III. The basic goal of this research is to compare four types of cluster B personality disorder who are identified by BR score of 60

No abstract

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine the role of impulsivity, sensitivity to reward and also anhedonia in distinction People with symptoms of borderline personality disorder from normal people. Methods This study uses both the descriptive and correlative method. The sampling method was sampling and targeting type. The samples comprised of students from Tabriz University (2016-2017 academic year), initial 200 candidates for screening and subsequent 80 candidates for target sampling. In the first step of this study, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) was used for screening followed by Balloon Analogue Risk Task for measuring the impulsivity and resistance variable as sensitivity to reward and the Snaith-Hamilton scale of pleasure is used to measure anhedonia variable. Results It was illustrated broadly that the impulsivity variable, with 0.61 ratio, has the most important role in the Detection function. The resistance variable towards earning rewards with a 0.47 ratio occupies second place in the Detection function; the anhedonia variable occupied the third place in the Detection function with a ratio of 0.42. Conclusion Reward deficiency syndrome can be considered as a fundamental pathological symptom of impulsivity and anhedonia in borderline personality disorder BPD. The poor functioning of the brain's rewards system is a deprivation of sensory mechanisms in people affected with BPD, that led to anhedonia and low arousal and finally impulsivity.

No abstract