Sleep disturbances in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are significantly more prevalent than found in typically developing (TD) children. Given the detrimental impact of poor sleep on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning, it is imperative to screen and assess for sleep disturbances in this population. In this paper, we describe the screening and assessment process, as well as specific measures commonly used for assessing sleep in children with ASD. Advantages and limitations for use in children with ASD are discussed. While subjective measures, such as parent-report questionnaires and sleep diaries, are the most widely used, more objective measures such as actigraphy, polysomnography, and videosomnography provide additional valuable information for both diagnostic purposes and treatment planning. These objective measures, nonetheless, are limited by cost, availability, and feasibility of use with children with ASD. The current review provides an argument for the complementary uses of both subjective and objective measures of sleep specifically for use in children with ASD.
Emotional eating is characterized by eating in response to intense inner emotions, not hunger. This case-series study presents the outcomes from two adults with problematic emotional eating who voluntarily participated in 10 weekly sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Emotional eating was self-monitored daily prior to and throughout the course of treatment. The average number of emotional eating episodes reported weekly across participants at pretreatment was nine, which decreased to one per week at post-treatment, and was two per week at follow-up. Both participants also showed improvements in body image flexibility, a theoretically consistent process of change, and these improvements were maintained at 3-month follow-up. The results are discussed as well as implications for clinical practice and future research.
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