Gossypiboma or textiloma is referred to as a surgical gauze or towel inadvertently retained inside the body following surgery. It is an infrequent but avoidable surgical complication, which must be kept in mind in any postoperative patient who presents with pain, infection, or palpable mass. Gossypiboma, in the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, proves that the surgeon is negligent. Moreover, it has medicolegal consequences including mental agony, humiliation, huge monetary compensation and imprisonment on the part of the surgeon and increased morbidity, mortality and financial loss on the part of the patient. Here we report two cases of gossypiboma and review its current medicolegal aspect in relation to the surgeon.

BackgroundIn India alone, more than one million people die yearly due to trauma. Identification of patients at risk of early mortality is crucial to guide clinical management and explain prognosis. Prediction models can support clinical judgement, but existing models have methodological limitations. The aim of this study was to derive a vital sign based prediction model for early mortality among adult trauma patients admitted to three public university hospitals in urban India.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of adult trauma patients admitted to three urban university hospitals in India between October 2013 and January 2014. The outcome measure was mortality within 24 hours. We used logistic regression with restricted cubic splines to derive our model. We assessed model performance in terms of discrimination, calibration, and optimism.ResultsA total of 1629 patients were included. Median age was 35, 80% were males. Mortality between admission and 24 hours was 6%. Our final model included systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and Glasgow coma scale. Our model displayed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) of 0.85. Predicted mortality corresponded well with observed mortality, indicating good calibration.ConclusionThis study showed that routinely recorded systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and Glasgow coma scale predicted early hospital mortality in trauma patients admitted to three public university hospitals in urban India. Our model needs to be externally validated before it can be applied in the clinical setting.

In terms of ORR, pCR rate, R0 resection, and toxicity profile; both the arms were comparable.

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed digestive tract cancers and carries a high risk of mortality. Acetaldehyde (AA), a carcinogenic intermediate of ethanol metabolism contributes to the risk of GC. The accumulation of AA largely depends on the activity of the major metabolic enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by the ADH (ADH1 gene cluster: ADH1A, ADH1B and ADH1C) and ALDH2 genes, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the association between genetic variants in these genes and GC risk in West Bengal, India.MethodsWe enrolled 105 GC patients (cases), and their corresponding sex, age and ethnicity was matched to 108 normal individuals (controls). Genotyping for ADH1A (rs1230025), ADH1B (rs3811802, rs1229982, rs1229984, rs6413413, rs4147536, rs2066702 and rs17033), ADH1C (rs698) and ALDH2 (rs886205, rs968529, rs16941667 and rs671) was performed using DNA sequencing and RFLP.ResultsGenotype and allele frequency analysis of these SNPs revealed that G allele of rs17033 is a risk allele (A vs G: OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.54–8.75, p = 0.002) for GC. Significant association was also observed between rs671 and incidence of GC (p = 0.003). Moreover, smokers having the Lys allele of rs671 had a 7-fold increased risk of acquiring the disease (OR = 7.58, 95% CI = 1.34–42.78, p = 0.009).ConclusionIn conclusion, rs17033 of ADH1B and rs671 of ALDH2 SNPs were associated with GC risk and smoking habit may further modify the effect of rs671. Conversely, rs4147536 of ADH1B might have a protective role in our study population. Additional studies with a larger patient population are needed to confirm our results.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3713-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Dacryocystography is a method of visualizing the lacrimal passages by the use of radioopaque contrast media. Ewing (I909) suggested the use of bismuth subnitrate in liquid petroleum as the contrast medium. Von Szily (i92o) described the pathology of the lacrimal passages as seen by roentgenography. Lipoidol was used as the contrast medium by Bollack (1924) MaterialThe present study was carried out on two groups of individuals: L 37 control subjects These were out-patients with no complaint of epiphora. The lacrimal passages were found to be patent on syringing. IL I69 patients complaining of epiphora The condition of the lacrimal passages was assessed by syringing and the results were correlated with those obtained by dacryocystography. Technique 0o5 to I ml. concentrated dionosil solution (Saha, Bhardwaj, Malik, and Jain, I967) was injected into the lacrimal sac through the lower punctum with a 2 ml. syringe and cannula. Skiagrams were taken immediately after the injection in the following positions: (a) Postero-anterior view The patient lay prone in the nose-chin position with the orbit at an angle of 40o to the horizontal. The central ray was directed through the infraorbital margin of the injected side, about half an inch lateral to the midline. (b) Lateral view The patient's head was turned to the injected side; the central ray was directed as in the postero-anterior view.In each case a Potter-Bucky diaphragm was used. Observations (I) APPEARANCE OF NORMAL DACRYOCYSTOGRAMIn all the normal subjects the lower canaliculus, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct were outlined. The following observations were made: (a) Canaliculi The lower punctum and the lower canaliculi were visible in all cases.