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The results of this study suggest that nutritional intervention added to resistance training during convalescent rehabilitation may improve skeletal muscle mass and activities of daily living.

Aim To investigate the effects of branched‐chain amino acids and vitamin D supplementation on physical function, muscle strength, muscle mass, and nutritional status in sarcopenic older adults undergoing hospital‐based rehabilitation. Methods We carried out an 8‐week, multicenter, randomized, controlled, blinded outcome, two‐cohort parallel group intervention trial of sarcopenic older adults undergoing in‐hospital rehabilitation. The eligibility criteria included older adults (aged ≥65 years) with low muscle strength (handgrip strength) and low muscle mass (calf circumference) according to the cut‐off values for older Asians. The intervention group received branched‐chain amino acids and vitamin D supplementation, whereas the control group did not. Both groups underwent low‐intensity resistance training in addition to the post‐acute rehabilitation program. The primary outcome of physical function (Functional Independence Measure‐motor scores), and the secondary outcomes of muscle strength (handgrip strength), muscle mass (calf circumference) and nutritional status (body mass index) were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Results Finally, a total of 68 patients were analyzed (intention‐to‐treat analysis): 35 in the intervention group and 33 in the control group. Functional Independence Measure‐motor scores increased significantly in both groups over time (P < 0.05). However, no treatment‐by‐time effects were observed (median estimated difference 2.4, 95% confidence interval −1.2 to 7.1). Handgrip strength, calf circumference and body mass index increased significantly in both groups over time (P < 0.05), with significantly greater improvements in the intervention group (P = 0.041, 0.033 and 0.035, respectively). Conclusions We showed that an 8‐week intervention of branched‐chain amino acids and vitamin D supplementation with low‐intensity resistance training improves muscle‐related outcomes in sarcopenic older adults undergoing hospital‐based rehabilitation (UMIN000006238). Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 12–17.

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