ABSTRACT:

Abstract:Struktur sosial merupakan suatu bangunan sosial yang terdiri dari unsur-unsur sosial yang saling berkaitan satu sama lain secara fungsional. Struktur sosial dianggap mampu menjaga kelestarian hutan dan kesehjatraan masyarakat melalui berbagai peran yang dilakukan oleh seseorang yang menempati kedudukan tertentu. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang peranan struktur sosial masyarakat (Stratifikasi dan Diferensiasi) dalam kaitanya dengan pengelolaan Hutan kemasyarakatan di Desa Betao Riase. Tujuan dari penelitan ini untuk mendeskripsikan peran struktur sosial dalam setiap tahapan pengelolaan hutan kemasyarakatan di Desa Betao Riase. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2019 – Januari 2020 bertempat di Desa Beato Riase, Kecamatan Pitu Riawa Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang.  Proses pengambilan data dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara dan diskusi dengan 30 sampel yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data hasil wawancara dan diskusi kemudian di analisis dengan mengunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor pembentuk stratifikasi sosial pada pengelolaan Hutan Kemasyarakatan di Betao Riase ditentukan oleh kemampuan ekonomi, kemampuan pendidikan, kekuasaan, dan kehormatan. Adapun peran yang dilaksankan  pada setiap tahapan pengelolaan Hutan kemasyarakatan (penyususnan struktur organisasi, perencanaan, persiapan lahan, jenis tanaman dan pola tanam, penanaman dan pemeliharaan, pemanenan serta pemasaran dan bagi hasil) berupa bantuan pendidikan dan kesehatan, bantuan pengurusan administrasi, bantuan dana dan sumbangan yang ketiga hal ini biasa dilakukan oleh orang yang menempati kedudukan yang tinggi dan orang yang menempati kedudukan yang rendah hanya memberikan bantuan tenaga kerja. Pada pengelolan Hutan kemasyarakat dapat menjadi sosial kontrol untuk terciptanya kelestarian hutan dan juga berperan sebagai pendukung dari segi ekonomi dan material untuk kesejahtraan masyarakat.

The Indonesian plywood industry began to rapidly develop in the 1980s, since the government stated a new policy regarding a ban on the export of wood logs in 1985. The industry has experienced rapid growth and structural change and played an important part in the Indonesian economy through a significant role as a gross domestic product, foreign exchange, government revenue, and employment contributor. The aims of this study are to analyze the current situation of Indonesian plywood consumption and to estimate the demand market of Indonesian plywood for the next five years in Japan. For the purposes of the study, data of the export of Indonesian plywood to sixteen countries over five years (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) and data of plywood exported to Japan over thirty one years was collected. To predict demand market of Indonesian plywood in Japan, the obtained data was analyzed by using an exponential smoothing model. Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Mean Squared Error and Mean Absolute Deviation are also used to calculate demand sales forecast accuracy. The results indicated that the future market of Indonesian plywood in Japan will remain fairly constant at the level of 1.09 million m 3 in 2013 until 2017. Japan is still the dominant market for Indonesian plywood.

Value chain analysis is a strategic analytical tool for understanding activities that represent the value of a product (or service), meanwhile providing opportunities for identifying competitive advantage. In this value chain analysis, the research aims to 1) map the actors of silk commodity business ventures, 2) determine the activities of these business actors, and 3) calculate and analyze financial ratios. This study was conducted in the Wajo District as a site historically well known for silk production, and which is undergoing efforts at revival. The method used in this study is observation, interview, and modeling. Data analysis was conducted as a classical value chain analysis, emphasizing the calculations of financial ratios. The results show that the main actors and activities in commodities trading are farmers, local traders, weavers, and silk clothing stores. The largest marketing margin is approximately IDR. 300,000, which is found in silk clothing stores. On the other hand, the smallest marketing margins amounted to about IDR. 100,000, which were identified among local traders. Finally, the largest profit margins were identified among farmers valued at IDR. 196,000, while the smallest profit margins were among local traders amounting to IDR. 68,000. Overall, this case study highlights that forest enterprises, in this case of the silk industry in Wajo, can improve household incomes for forest farmers, while maintaining their overall bargaining position against the market.

Palm sugar as one of product of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) which contributes to communities living in and around forests. However, the use and processing of products is still tradistional managed so as to produce results that have not been maximized. This study aims to analyses the income of palm sugar product for farmer groups who living in and around forest. The location of the study was in forest farmer groups in Labuaja Village, Cenrana Sub-District, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out on each farmer group consisting of 10 people in three farmer groups with the number of respondents as many as 30 people conducted by simple random sampling. Data analysis was carried out through qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. The results showed that the income of each farmer palm sugar per year was Rp. 9,562,012.Key words: forest farmer group; fixed cost; income analysis; palm sugar; variabel cost