Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MRI characteristics of venous thrombus over set time thresholds with histopathological correlation in a porcine model. Methods: Inferior vena cava thrombi were induced in 12 pigs. MRI was performed in three pigs 2 h, 1 day, 3 days and 2 weeks after thrombus induction. Results: The MRI characteristics were analysed in correlation with histopathological findings. The thrombi after 2 hours, which consisted of red blood cells (RBCs), showed isointensity on T 1 weighted images (T 1 WIs) and hyperintensity on both T 2 weighted images (T 2 WIs) and diffusion-weighted images (DWIs . After 2 weeks, the thrombi, which revealed RBC lysis surrounded by granulation tissues, showed isointensity on T 1 WIs and hyperintensity on T 2 WIs and DWIs. The mean ADC value was 2.48610 23 mm 2 s 21. Conclusion:The temporal MRI characteristics seemed to be related to chemical and physical changes in RBC and organisation of granulation tissues. Free radicals generated by macrophages might also be related to some extent.

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Carcinoid tumors are slow-growing tumors originating in the neuroendocrine cells, and occur most frequently within the gastrointestinal tract. Although the liver is the most common site for metastatic carcinoid tumors, primary hepatic carcinoid tumors are exceedingly rare and reports of the imaging findings have been very scarce. We herein report imaging findings with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging in two cases of primary hepatic carcinoid tumors. In both cases, the tumors showed cystic areas with hemorrhagic components and early enhanced solid areas.

Axillary SNB after NAT did not affect the axillary failure rate or the prognosis. SNB may be a reliable procedure, even after NAT.