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The electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in an alkaline solution was examined using gold and gold–platinum alloy nanoparticles as catalysts. In electrolysis, the catalytic activity for oxidation of glucose could be kept much longer time at gold nanoparticle-modified electrode than at a gold plate electrode. Preliminary electrolysis results at 0.3 V indicated that current efficiency for oxalate as 18-electron oxidation product at gold nanoparticle-modified electrode was approximately twice higher than that at gold–platinum alloy nanoparticle-modified electrode.