Governance of energy transitions has become an issue of growing prominence in the social sciences and in political practice. Examining the understudied case of the "least climate ambitious" European Union Member State, Poland, the investigation demonstrates that it has a highly centralized energy system in decisionmaking. Employing a state-led governance approach, which includes an overlap between political and administrative actors in terms of personal and organizational capacity, the analysis highlights the government to act as the primary actor within the energy sector. As such, it is involved not only in regulating market
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