Background Moringa oleifera, also known as horseradish tree or drumstick tree, has strong antioxidant properties. In the present study, we investigated the potential effect of Moringa oleifera stem extract (MOSE) on cataract formation induced by oxidative stress in cultured mouse lenses. Methods Mouse lenses cultured in vitro were pretreated with MOSE (0.5 and 1 mg/mL) for 24 h. Then, 1 mM hydrogen peroxide was added, and mouse lenses were cultured for a further 24 h. The medium was then changed to normal culture medium. After 48 h, lens opacification, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in lens tissues. In addition, the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a nuclear receptor with potential benefits to improve vision-threatening eye diseases, was assayed. Results MOSE (1 mg/mL) alleviated lens opacification, reduced ROS generation, increased GSH content, and elevated SOD and CAT activities in cultured lenses. Moreover, MOSE upregulated the expressions of SOD, CAT, and PPARα. Conclusions This study showed that MOSE alleviates oxidative stress-induced cataract formation, and the mechanism of the effect is mainly related to its improvement of the endogenous antioxidant system in the lens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2555-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A panoramic video is an image-based rendering (IBR) technique which provides users with a large field of view (e.g. 360 degree) on surrounding dynamic scenes. It includes not only the translational motions but also the nontranslational motions, such as zooming, rotation and uneven stretching etc. This paper presents a motion compensated prediction scheme based on adaptive selection of motion models to predict the complex changes between successive frames efficiently in panoramic video coding. By performing the initial motion estimation phrase and the refined motion estimation phrase in the proposed scheme, simulated results show that the coding performance of the proposed scheme is much higher than the traditional motion compensated prediction scheme in panoramic video coding.

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