No abstract

No abstract

Gas flow-injection technique pyridine-FTIR was studied for determination of Lewis and Brönsted acid sites on the solid super acid catalysts. The system consists of stainless steel gas cell which can be heated up to 623 K, CaF2 windows, pyridine injection port and double liquid nitrogen trap for removal of moisture. Pure nitrogen gas and pyridine were used as a carrier and probe molecule. Pyridine was injected to the sysem at 423 K followed by flushing of N2 gas through double liquid nitrogen trap at 423 for 1 h and at 573 K for 30 min. All spectra were recorded at room temperature. This technique gave similar results to those of taken by vacuum system for HZSM-5, Pt/SO4 2--ZrO2, Al2O3 catalysts.

Earthquake shocks generally cause the biggest shocks in building structures. Earthquake waves, generated by an earthquake event, are the main cause of this shaking. A new building of the Faculty of Law, Islamic University of Indonesia, was selected for this research to evaluate the effect of earthquake shaking on the structural response. A developed time history-based artificial earthquake ground motion was used in the structural analysis. Furthermore, the time history was developed based on spectral matching with target spectra derived from a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. This analysis results in the building structure's seismic response, which is then evaluated based on the parameters set by the earthquake standards/regulations for buildings. This building is relatively safe against design earthquake shocks based on the results.

Latar Belakang : Pencemaran yang dihasilkan dari limbah peternakan jika dibiarkan tanpa adanya penanganan akan menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan pada masyarakat. Selain limbah peternakan, limbah bioetanol (vinasse) juga memiliki dampak yang besar bagi lingkungan karena kadar pH yang relative asam, serta BOD dan COD yang tinggi akan mencemari perairan. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar N, P dan K. Metode : Metode untuk membuat pupuk yaitu salah satunya adalah metode fermentasi, metode ini banyak digunakan karena prosesnya yang simpel, mudah dan juga tidak mengeluarkan banyak biaya. Hasil : Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan perbedaan waktu fermentasi dan jumlah komposisi kotoran kambing untuk mengetahui kadar N, P, dan K yang paling efektif pada pupuk yang dibuat.Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari persiapan bahan dimana kotoran kambing dikeringkan terlebih dahulu menggunakan sinar matahari. Dilanjutkan dengan proses fermentasi dengan variasi komposisi kotoran kambing (125, 250, dan 375 gram) dan waktu fermentasi (10, 15, dan 20 hari). Kesimpulan : Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pupuk yang paling optimum diperoleh pada variasi komposisi kotoran kabimg 375 gram dan waktu fermentasi 20 hari dengan nilai N sebesar 0,17%, nilai P sebesar 0,1%, dan nilai K sebesar 0,88%.