Balanites aegyptiaca est l'une des plantes à usages multiples au Niger très appréciée par les populations. Cette étude conduite au Centre Régional de Recherche Agronomique de Zinder, vise à étudier la germination et l'évolution des plantules de cette espèce. Les essais de germination ont été effectués dans des planches rectangulaires sur six types de traitements pendant 3 mois et le suivi de croissance des plantules dans des pots plastiques enfouis dans le sol pendant 6 mois. L'étude a montré que l'ingestion des fruits de Balanites aegyptiaca par les chèvres réduit significativement la dormance tégumentaire. Les graines extraites des noyaux qui ont transité par le tractus digestif des chèvres ont le taux de germination le plus élevé (76,87%) et le taux de germination le plus faible a été obtenu avec les fruits entiers (38,12%). Après 6 mois de suivi, la croissance du pivot racinaire des plantules (78,59±9,04 cm) est plus importante que celle de la partie aérienne (61,8±6,2 cm). Cette étude permet d'envisager la production des plants de Balanites aegyptiaca en vue de sa conservation durable.
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. is a fruit species from the Sahelian and Sudano-sahelian zones, highly appreciated by the population. It provides a source of income for the rural population and its various parts are used for human and animal food, handicrafts and traditional medicine. However, the lack of data on propagation techniques of the species is a significant limitation to its domestication. This study aims to evaluate the vegetative propagation capacity of Balanites aegyptiaca by air layering. The trials were conducted in the Arboretum of Sahara Sahel Foods in Zinder, Niger. The layers were placed on orthotropic branches. The variables selected were the diameter class (1-2 cm, 2-3 cm and 3-4 cm) and the substrates (sand+manure, sand+sawdust and sand). A total of 116 layers were made. The results show that 93.1% of the layers have taken root two months after realization. The diameter classes and the three substrates have no significant influence on the number of roots. In contrast, root length varied significantly with substrates (P = 0.000) and branch diameter classes (P = 0.031). As for the diameter of the newly formed roots, a significant difference was observed between the diameter classes and the substrates have no significant effect on this parameter. One month after weaning of layers, an average survival rate of 68.5% was obtained. The seedlings of the diameter class 2-3 cm have the highest survival rate (83.1%). These results suggest that it is possible to produce Balanites aegyptiaca plants by air layering, and could contribute to the development of strategies adapted to its domestication.
L’autruche d’Afrique du Nord (Struthio camelus camelus) communément appelée autruche à cou rouge a disparu à l’état naturel au Niger depuis 2004. Le présent article est une contribution au processus de réintroduction de cette espèce, qui vise à caractériser la végétation du site dénommé « Tchillala » dans le Koutous, site pilote pour le pré-lâché de l’autruche. Les relevés phytosociologiques ont été effectués à l’aide de la méthode sigmatiste d’abondance-dominance de Braun-Blanquet dans 42 placettes de 1000 m² (50 m × 20 m). Dans chaque placette, la coupe de la phytomasse herbacée a été réalisée dans des carrés de rendement de 1 m². Au total, soixante-six (66) espèces réparties en cinquante un (51) genres et vingt-huit (28) familles ont été recensées. La classification hiérarchique ascendante des relevés a permis d’individualiser trois groupements végétaux : le groupement à Acacia tortilis et Tribulus terrestris, le groupement à Balanites aegyptiaca et Zornia glochidiata et le groupement à Leptadenia pyrotechnica et Echinochloa colona. La richesse spécifique de ces groupements végétaux varie de quarante un (41) à soixante-deux (62) espèces. L’indice de diversité de Shannon varie de 4,01 à 3,16 bits et l’indice d’équitabilité de Piélou de 0,56 à 0,67. La productivité moyenne de la phytomasse herbacée des trois groupements est de 0,48±0,17 tonnes de matière sèche par hectare et une capacité de charge moyenne de 0,07±0,02 UBT/ha/an. Les spectres biologiques des groupements montrent une dominance des thérophytes. Quant aux spectres phytogéographiques, ils montrent une dominance des espèces paléotropicales. Ce site possède un potentiel floristique pour faire le pré-lâchage des autruches.Mots clés : Struthio camelus camelus, phytosociologie, productivité, réintroduction, Koutous, Niger English Title: Phytodiversity and herbaceous productivity of the future site of pre-release ostrich of North Africa (Struthio camelus camelus L.) in Koutous, Niger The North African ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus), commonly known as the Red-necked Ostrich, which has been extirpated from Niger since 2004. This article is a contribution to the reintroduction process of this species; aims to characterize the vegetation of the site called "Tchillala" in the Koutous, pilot site for the ostrich pre-release. The phytosociological surveys were carried out using the Braun-Blanquet sigmatism abundance-dominance method in 42 plots of 1000 m² (50 m × 20 m). In each plot, herbaceous phytomass was cut in yield squares of 1 m². A total of sixty-six (66) species divided into fifty-one (51) genera and twenty-eight (28) families were identified. The ascending hierarchical classification of the surveys has shown three plants groups such as Acacia tortilis and Tribulus terrestris group, Balanites aegyptiaca and Zornia glochidiata group and Leptadenia pyrotechnica and Echinochloa colona group. The species richness of these plant groups varies from 62 to 41 species. The Shannon diversity index varies from 4.01 to 3.16 bits and Piélou's equitability index from 0.56 to 0.67. The average productivity of the herbaceous phytomass of the three groups is 0.48 ± 0.17 tonnes of dry matter per hectare and an average carrying capacity of 0.07±0.02 TLU/ha/year. The biological spectra of the groups show a dominance of therophytes. As for phytogeographic spectra, they show a dominance of paleotropical species. This site has a floristic potential to pre-release the individuals of ostrich.Keywords: Struthio camelus camelus, phytosociology, productivity, reintroduction, Koutous, Niger.
This study aims to investigate the composition and Important Value Index (IVI) of the woody stands of Tchillala, a 130-ha area selected for future North-African ostriches (Struthiocameluscamelus) prerelease in the Koutous region in Niger. The forest inventory method was implemented in 42 plots of 50 m x 20 m (1000 m²) for tree-level observation, using stratified random sampling. For each woody specimen, the trunk diameter, total height and crown diameter have been recorded; thespecimens with a trunk diameter smaller than 5 cm are considered as regenerations. A total of 17 woody species distributed across 10 families have been identified and most of them belongs either to the Mimosaceae (4 species) or the Tiliaceae (3 species). The plants density, domination and frequency were used to determine the IVI: Acacia tortilis and Balanitesaegyptiaca are the species with the highest IVI(118.43 and 88.28 respectively). The woody plants condition assessment has emphasized that trees have been facing natural (uprooting) and anthropogenic (cutting, pruning) threats. Consequently, the diameter class structures within the whole woody species community of Tchilala, as well as of the Acacia tortilis and Balanitesaegyptiaca, are mainly small size trees. The results of this study inform silvicultural management actions that would benefit to the North-African ostrich’establishment in Tchilala and the data collected are considered as possible indicators for long-term monitoring of habitat.
Les connaissances sur l’organisation spatiale et de la composition floristique des écosystèmes forestiers sont importantes pour les politiques d’aménagement et de conservation. Ce travail vise à caractériser les formations naturelles à Balanites aegyptiaca. Les données ont été collectées au moyen des relevés phytosociologiques installés de façon aléatoire dans les agrosystèmes et les formations naturelles. Au total, 27 espèces ligneuses ont été recensées. Quatre groupements végétaux ont été discriminés dont le groupement à Balanites aegyptiaca et Vachellia tortilis, le groupement à Balanites aegyptiaca et Cordia sinensis, le groupement à Balanites aegyptiaca et Piliostigma reticulatum et le groupement à Balanites aegyptiaca et Senegalia senegal. Ces groupements sont sous la dépendance de certaines variables environnementales telles que les types d’occupation et la texture du sol. Le nombre d’espèces par groupement varie de 8 à 21 et l’indice de Shannon varie de 1,29 à 2,61 bits. Ces valeurs indiquent que les groupements sont faiblement diversifiés. L’abondance des Microphanérophytes et des espèces de la famille des Fabaceae traduise l’appartenance de ces sites au climat aride. L’abondance des espèces à large distribution sur les types phytogéographiques confirme l’aridité climatique et la perturbation du milieu. Knowledge of the spatial organization and floristic composition of forest ecosystems is important for planning and conservation policies. This work aims to characterize the natural formations of Balanites aegyptiaca. The data were collected by means of phytosociological surveys installed randomly in agrosystems and natural formations. A total of 27 woody species have been identified. Four plant groups were discriminated among which the grouping with Balanites aegyptiaca and Vachellia tortilis, the grouping with Balanites aegyptiaca and Cordia sinensis, the grouping with Balanites aegyptiaca and Piliostigma reticulatum and the grouping with Balanites aegyptiaca and Senegalia senegal. These groupings are dependent on certain environmental variables such as types of occupation and soil texture. The number of species per group ranges from 8 to 21 and the Shannon index ranges from 1.29 to 2.61 bits. These values indicate that the groups are weakly diversified. The abundance of Microphanerophytes and species of the Fabaceae family reflects the fact that these sites belong to an arid climate. The abundance of widely distributed species on phytogeographic types confirms climatic aridity and environmental disturbance.
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