Background:The major cause of infant mortality and morbidity is preterm birth. WHO has defined it as any birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation or fewer than 259 days since the last day of menstrual period. Objective of present study was to identify major etiological factors associated with preterm birth, and their effects on mode of delivery and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Methods: Retrospective cohorts study, which was conducted in M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, over period of 12 months (January 2015 to December 2015). The study included 343 women who delivered preterm they were followed from admission to discharge. Various parameters were analyzed like maternal characteristics, gestational age, associated risk factors, tocolysis, administration of steroids, and neonatal outcome. Results:The incidence of preterm birth among the total deliveries was approximately 18.01%. Although the risk factors included many, the most common occurring were hypertensive disorders during pregnancy approximately 32.9%, followed by preterm rupture of membranes (18.1%), idiopathic 14.9%, and previous LSCS at 12.2%. Neonatal mortality was 6.9% (24 neonates), and stillborn were 0.5% (2 neonates). Conclusions: Various risk factors for preterm labour are modifiable hence early detection and treatment prevents maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Specific emphasis on regular antenatal checkups.

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Background: Recurrent pregnancies loss (RPL) is physically and emotionally devastating situation for the parents, along with difficult situation for obstetrician to handle. Present study aimed at investigation of the significance of various etiology in relation to pregnancy outcome in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss.Methods: It is a retrospective analysis of patients who presented to M. S. Ramaiah Medical college with recurrent miscarriage between April 2014 and August 2015. ANA was done on the basis of clinical and laboratory data which was obtained and eventually diagnosis was made. The study results were analysed in terms of term live births, maternal and fetal complications.Results: Out of the RPL cases that were studied, 78 patients came with recurrent pregnancy loss. Out of these cases, endocrine abnormalities, like diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism were the maximum 26.92% and 12.82% respectively. Followed by unexplained causes were 37.3%. Thrombophila and APLA positive cases constituted for 16.66% and 3.4% respectively. ANA positive and cervical incompetence were 6.4% each.Conclusions: Recurrent pregnancy loss is very difficult situation to handle. Various etiology need various specialists, and requirements, and management mainly depends on the cause for recurrent pregnancy loss.

Introduction: Cornual pregnancy is rare condition; its incidence remains 2-4% of all ectopic pregnancies. We are hereby reporting a case of cornual pregnancy managed by laparotomy.Case presentation: A cornual pregnancy was diagnosed at 10+2 weeks of amenorrhea in a 28-year-old healthy woman. Ultrasound examination showed a well-formed right cornual gestation with detectable fetal heart pulsation. We performed the right cornual resection with right salpingectomy by laparotomy. Conclusion:Cornual pregnancy is a very rare and potentially dangerous condition. Diagnosis of cornual pregnancy could be made on ultrasound examination in this patient. Laparotomy is preferred in patients with unstable vitals and ruptured cases where as the routine choice should be Laparoscopy as an alternative in confirming the diagnosis and further management.

INTRODUCTION: Leukorrhoea develops due to physiological and pathological conditions among women of reproductive age.Due to its presentation, determining the source and cause of discharge is crucial, therefore, differential diagnosis and microbiological prole would aid in its management. AIM: To identify etiological agents and estimate their proportions in leucorrhoea among women of reproductive age for better treatment of genital tract infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the OBG Department of a tertiary medical hospital from January 2018 to December 2018. Vaginal swabs were collected sterilely from 152 patients complaining of abnormal vaginal discharge or any other associated ailment. Samples were processed for culture as per standard recommendations. Bacterial vaginosis(BV)was diagnosed by clinical composite criteria (Amsel's criteria) and Gram stain (Nugent's score). RESULTS: Among the 152 patients, infectious etiology was observed in 65.8%, normal ora in 28.9% & no growth in 5.3% in culture media. BV (44%) had higher prevalence followed by Candidiasis (26%) and Trichomoniasis (2%). Amsel's criteria identied 28.9% of BV compared to Nugent's criteria (25%).A considerable increase in non-albicans Candida species (53.8%) was observed compared to Candia albicans(46.2%). Other organisms isolated included, Acinetobacter spp. (3.6%), Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%), E. coli (39.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.7%), MSSA (10.7%), Enterococcus spp. (21.4%). CONCLUSION:Bacterial vaginosis was the prominent cause of infection in leukorrhoea among the women of reproductive age. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management avert serious complications and risks of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and abdominal discomfort.