Breast cancer is the most leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide. Identification of novel biomarkers for prognosis is required. Imunohistochemical evaluation of CIP2A and ROCK-1 expressions in 126 breast tissue specimens stratified as 21 ductal hyperplasias, 17 duct carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 88 invasive carcinomas (56 invasive ductal carcinomas NST, 32 invasive lobular carcinomas) was studied. High CIP2A expression was detected in 48.9% of invasive carcinomas. CIP2A overexpression was significantly related to Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) (p = 0.011), stage (p = 0.01), ER negativity (p = 0.031), PR negativity (p = 0.048), and HER-2 positivity (p = 0.02). CIP2A was significantly overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (p = 0.004). ROCK-1 expression was detected in 54.5% of invasive carcinomas. Statistically significant associations were observed between ROCK-1 expression and NPI (p = 0.032), stage (p = 0.002), ER negativity (p = 0.012), PR negativity (p = 0.023), HER-2 positivity (p = 0.016), and TNBC subtype (p = 0.033). A positive association between CIP2A and ROCK-1 expressions (p < 0.0001) was documented. There was a significant association between shorter overall survival and high CIP2A and positive ROCK-1 expressions (p < 0.0001) and (p < 0.0001). CIP2A and ROCK-1 expressions could be used as markers for the poor prognosis of breast cancer.

Background: Thyroid diseases are considered the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the mosteasy, reliable screening test in diagnosing thyroid lesions. Objectives: To determine the frequency of Bethesda system diagnostic categories and cyto-histopathological correlation of FNAC results. Material and methods: This study comprised 488 thyroid FNA smears. cyto-histopathological correlation was conducted on surgically excised cases. Results: Out of 488 of thyroid FNAC smears, thyroidectomy was done for one hundred cases. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of FNAC were 82.8%, 94%, 88.9%, 90.4% and 89.9% respectively. Conclusion: FNAC is a highly sensitive and specific method in diagnosing different thyroid lesions.

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Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC), the most common urinary tract cancer and the ninth most common cancer worldwide. Livin is the most recently identified member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family. High expression levels of Livin may influence the prognosis of different types of cancer. The aim of current study is to investigate the relation between Livin expression and the clinicopathological features of UBC. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for Livin was performed on 60 cases of urinary bladder cancer divided into; 43 cases of transitional cell carcinoma and 17 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Results: As regarding transitional cell carcinoma, Livin high expression was detected in 48.8% of cases. A statistically significant association was observed between Livin high expression and higher tumor grade, advanced tumor stage (P value > 0.001, 0.001 respectively), larger tumor size and tumor multifocality (P value = 0.001, 0.035 respectively). As regarding squamous cell carcinoma, Livin high expression was detected in 52.9% of cases. A statistically significant association was observed between Livin high expression and higher tumor grade (P value > 0.001), advanced tumor stage, larger tumor size and tumor multifocality (P value = 0.018, 0.012, 0.019 respectively). Conclusion: Livin high expression could be considered as poor prognostic marker in the evaluation of patients with urinary bladder cancer, Livin can play essential role in the pathogenesis, aggressiveness, invasion, and progression of UBC.