Objectives:To determine the prevalence, predictors, triggers and educational outcome of migraine among medical students and interns in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was completed among 566 participants selected through a multistage stratified random sample method. A validated, confidential, self-administered data collection sheet was utilized. It contained ID Migraine test™, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Questions about possible predictors, triggers and impact of migraine were asked. Descriptive, inferential statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted.Results:More than one-half (54.9%) of the participants had ≥ 2 headache attacks during the three months preceded the study. The prevalence of migraine was 26.3%, and 41.6% of the cases suffered from severe pain. The main migraine predictors were Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs), family history of migraine, female gender, and enrollment in the second academic year. Exam stress and sleep disturbances were the commonest triggers. The majority of the participants reported that their educational performance and ability to attend sessions were affected during migraine attacks.Conclusion:A relatively high prevalence of migraine was seen among our participants. FGIDs, gender and academic year were the predictors. Screening and management of migraine among medical students are required. Conduction of relaxation programs and stress management courses are also recommended.

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Risk factor management is important in avoiding life-threatening complications and preventing new-onset diabetes. We performed a case-control study in 2013 at ten primary health care centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to determine the common risk factors of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and the demographic background of adult Saudi patients with DM2. Known diabetic patients were recruited as cases, while nondiabetic attendants were selected as controls. A pretested designed questionnaire was used to collect data from 159 cases and 128 controls. Cases were more likely than controls to be men (P < 0.0001), less educated (P < 0.0001), natives of eastern Saudi Arabia (P < 0.0001), retired (P < 0.0001), lower-salaried (P < 0.0001), or married or divorced (P < 0.0001). By univariate analysis cases were likely to be current smokers (P < 0.0001), hypertensive (P < 0.0001), or overweight/obese (P < 0.0001). Cases were also more likely to have a history of DM in a first-degree relative (P = 0.020). By multivariate analysis, cases were more likely to be older than 40 years (P < 0.0001), less educated (P = 0.05), married or divorced (P = 0.04), jobless/housewives (P < 0.0001), or current smokers (P = 0.002). They were also more likely to have salaries <7000 Saudi riyals (P = 0.01). Overall, prediabetic and high risk groups should be identified and counseled early before the occurrence of diabetes.

Background: Consumption of energy drink represents an escalating global public health problem especially among adolescents and young adults. Energy drink contains stimulants mainly caffeine that marketed as mental and physical stimulator although there are many safety concerns against use. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, pattern and predictors of energy drink consumption among medical students and interns in medical colleges, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at three medical colleges (the governmental medical college of King Abdulaziz University and other two private colleges). A multistage stratified random sample technique was used with selection of 610 medical students & interns. Data was collected using a validated, confidential & self-administered questionnaire. SPSS version 21 was used for statistical analysis. Results: More than one-half of the participants (52.6%) had "ever" tried energy drinks, while 33.4% consumed it regularly during the two months preceded the study. Friends, advertisement and curiosity were the inspirations for starting. Among regular users, the commonest reasons for consumption were enjoying leisure time with friends (57.5%), boosting energy for studying (56.4%), and staying awake for long hours (50.5%). However, 31.6% of regular energy drinks consumers experienced adverse effects as palpitation, insomnia and frequent micturition. In bivariate analysis, regular consumption of energy-drink was significantly associated with male gender, students from private colleges and smokers. After controlling of confounding factors smoking was the only predictor of energy drinks consumption (aOR= 3.68; 95% CI: 2.36-5.71). Conclusion: Consumption of energy drinks is rather common among medical students and interns despite of high prevalence of adverse effects. Smoking is the most important predictor. Implementation of educational awareness campaigns, especially in medical colleges, about healthy dietary habits, potential benefits, side effects and correction of wrong perceptions about energy drinks is urgently needed. Policies for energy drinks consumption and smoking control programs are also recommended.

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