Objective: the objective of this study is to compare the clinical effectiveness of a relatively new locally manufactured articaine (Artpharmadent 4% 1/100.000, made in Egypt) versus imported articaine (Artinibsa 4% 1:100.000, made in France) in buccal infiltration anesthesia during extraction of primary molars. Subjects and Methods: A prospective, randomized, split-mouth comparative study was conducted on children aged from 6 -10 years old having bilateral badly decayed mandibular or maxillary primary molars. Children were randomly chosen from the outpatient clinic of paediatric dentistry department, Cairo University. Split-mouth technique was followed to give buccal infiltrations of Artpharmadent on one side and Artinibsa on the other at separate visits. Child pain and behaviour were assessed using Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale and face, leg, activity, cry and consolability (FLACC) Behavioural Pain Assessment Scale. Results: Both anaesthetic types showed comparable and high clinical effectiveness in pain control during extraction. FLACC behavioural pain scale showed insignificant difference with both local anaesthetics. Conclusion: locally manufactured articaine buccal infiltration anesthesia is effective as imported one. It showed deep and painless alternative to anaesthetize primary molars and related supporting tissues.

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Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of composite releasing Ca and PO4 ions versus conventional glass Ionomer, resin-modified glass Ionomer and hybrid composite regarding remineralization capacity and Microleakage. Methods: thirty-four caries-free premolars were used, and class v cavities were prepared on each tooth. These teeth were divided into four groups and restored with the following materials : (Resin-modified glass Ionomer RMGI, Glass Ionomer GI, Hybrid composite HC, Tetracalcium phosphate composite TTCP). Sixteen teeth were stored in demineralized solution for two days then examined by SEM. All treated teeth were stored in a glass bottle in artificial saliva of pH 7 at 37oC for periods 30 days then examined by SEM. Two specimens used as a baseline. 16 teeth were sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction through the middle of restoration after immersed in 1% methylene blue solution for 24h, observation for marginal leakage was done under Stereomicroscope at 10X. Results SEM micrographs of group glass-ionomer showed almost normal enamel surface with numerous mineral deposits. The resin-modified glass-ionomer showed enamel surface exhibits almost normal appearance and has minute mineral deposits. The hybrid composite showed enamel surface irregularities and slight separation between enamel and restoration and Tetracalcium phosphate TTCP showed almost normal enamel surface that occluded by numerous mineral deposits. Conclusions: Tetracalcium phosphate composite and resin-modified glass ionomer, are highest marginal sealing than either hybrid composite and conventional glass-ionomers. Tetracalcium phosphate composite, are more effective at remineralization capacity than other groups.

Aim: this study was to determine knowledge, awareness, and perception regarding the distribution, severity, etiology, and treatment modalities of MIH among a group of dental students in Egypt. Material and method: a validated google form questionnaire was distributed among final year dental students in different universities in Egypt, with the help of the pediatric dentistry department clinical course coordinator in each university. Results: 624 students replied, 70.7% of the replied students were familiar with MIH and 64.9 %were aware of the clinical features of MIH, Only22.3%reported clinical ability to identify MIH, and the majority76.0% showed difficulty in differentiating between MIH and other developmental defects, regarding the etiology of MIH, the response varied among the students, as for treatment of MIH 23.3% of students use composite resin restoration &23.3%use preformed crowns,93.2% of the student suggest clinical training on MIH in their dental course. Conclusion: dental students participating in this study showed good responses regarding the knowledge of MIH and limited response about the clinical, practice, and management of MIH.

Purpose: To evaluate color stability and fracture resistance of CAD/CAM and manually fabricated tooth colored materials as crowns on primary molars. Methodology : Eighty epoxy replicas (Vertex-Dental B.V., The Netherlands) of minimally prepared primary molar were constructed to receive a tooth colored crown. Replicas were assigned into 4 groups (n=20) according to crown material used: CAD/CAM PMMA blocks (Telio Cad, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein) [CC], self-polymerizing temporary resin material [SP] (Snap, Parkell, NY 11717 USA), auto-mix temporary resin material [AT] (Telio CS C&B Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein), and thermoplastic resin material [TP] (DurAcetal, Myerson LLC, Chicago, IL, USA). After cementation using glass ionomer cement (Vivaglass CEM, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein), all specimens were thermo-cycled for 1000 cycles. Tooth shade was recorded using spectrophotometer , after storing in: orange juice, and carbonated beverage. Fracture resistance was assessed by axially loading the crowns using a universal testing machine . Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests (α=0.05).Results: Spectrophotometric analysis revealed unacceptable color change of manually fabricated crowns; SP (∆E =5.4 ± 1.6), AM (∆E =6.7 ± 1.2) and TP (∆E =4.4 ± 2.5). On the other hand, CC crowns demonstrated high color stability (∆E=1.7 ± 0.2). CAD/CAM crowns demonstrated significantly higher fracture resistance (1417.9 ± 62 N) compared to manually fabricated crowns (SP=1096 ± 50, AM=989 ± 41 and TP=1297 ± 45).Conclusions: CAD/CAM PMMA crowns revealed superior fracture resistance and color stability properties suitable for long-term clinical performance within the primary molars.