Background: antibiotic misuse is a common problem around the world with special regard to developing countries. It could result in increased rate of infections and admission to hospitals, high treatment costs as well as increased mortality rates. Aim of the work: this study aimed to assess the general knowledge of community population in Saudi Arabia (KSA) regarding the adverse effects of antibiotics overuse. Patients and methods: this was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among 1700 Saudi adults from the period of February to June 2017. Respondents were interviewed and filled out a questionnaire that consisted of 3 parts the: first parts considered their demographics, the other parts regards the use of antibiotics and knowledge about their adverse effects. Results: the pattern of antibiotic use showed that 76.8% have recently used antibiotics. The major source of antibiotic use was pharmacist (46.5%) followed by physician (23.9%). About 71.7% used antibiotics for cold and cough and 61.8% used antibiotics for viral diseases. The level of knowledge toward excessive use of antibiotics was in adequate among 61% of respondents and was good among 39% of them. A significant correlation was detected between young age and good knowledge. Conclusion: there was a lack in the public knowledge regarding the adverse effects of antibiotic overuse among Saudi subjects. Educational programs may be performed to fill up the awareness gaps and enhance the knowledge thus decreasing the costs paid by health authorities to manage the adverse effects of antibiotics overuse.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the microorganism responsible for the most frequent and persistent bacterial infection worldwide. irolyp.H infection affects nearly half of the world's population. In the developing countries, the prevalence of infection is as high as 90%, whereas in the developed countries, excluding Japan, the prevalence is below 40% (1). An association between iro olyp.H infection and skin diseases such as chronic idiopathic urticaria and atopic dermatitis has been suggested (2). Aim of the work: this review aimed to focus on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori, chronic idiopathic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. This association was reviewed in the following lines. Methodology: we used scientific websites such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Research Gate to get related articles about this subject. Results: several studies have reported the presence of H. pylori DNA in environmental water sources. Diagnostic tests are usually divided into invasive (endoscopic-based) and noninvasive methods. Using proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) in combination with several antibiotics such as amoxicillin plus clarithromycin or metronidazole have been considered as the first-line treatment. Conclusion: H. pylori has a great prevalence among world's population. H. pylori infection could play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of skin diseases.