BACKGROUND:Globally, gastric cancer (GC) it is the fourth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related deaths. Overexpression of MDM2 and B-RAF appeared to be increased in malignancy and associated with poor prognosis in several human tumours, but their role in gastric cancer remains controversial.AIM:We had investigated the immunohistochemical expression of MDM2 and B-RAF in 136 gastric lesions with/without H. pylori association.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Studied specimens include chronic gastritis (32), intestinal type GC (70), diffuse GC (22) and gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) (12).RESULTS:MDM2 expression increased significantly in intestinal GC compared to other groups (p < 0.001), while B-RAF expression increased significantly in GIST compared to other groups (p < 0.001). H. pylori increased expression of MDM2 in intestinal GC cases but did not affect B-RAF expression. MDM2 expression correlated with high grade of tumor differentiation (p < 0.001), deep invasion (p < 0.05), nodal metastases (p < 0.05) and distant metastases (p < 0.1) in intestinal GC, while B-RAF expression did not correlate with TNM stage (p < 0.1).CONCLUSION:MDM2 up-regulation was more frequent in intestinal GC, while B-RAF up-regulation was more frequent in GIST compared to other groups; MDM2 expression in intestinal GC was correlated with H. pylori association, high grade of differentiation, deep invasion, nodal and distant metastases, meanwhile, B-RAF expression was correlated with high-grade intestinal GC but did not correlate with H. pylori or TNM stage. The possible role of both MDM2 and B-RAF in predicting progression of gastric tumours and prognosis deserves further investigations.

Background and Objective: Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. The overall five-year survival for colon cancer and rectal cancer are 65% and 68%, respectively with liver metastasis being the leading cause of death. Despite the use of active targeted drugs for treatment of metastatic CRC in the past decade, cure rates remain low. Therefore, research on novel markers for earlier diagnosis and target therapy of CRC is of a great concern. OTUB 1 (OTU deubiquitinase, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that belongs to the OTU (ovarian tumor) superfamily. The aim of this work is to study the immunohistochemical expression of OTUB 1 in CRC and its correlation with the available clinicopathological variables. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on a total number of 45 cases of CRC. All cases were retrieved from the archival files of the pathology labs of Ain Shams University Hospitals (from 2012-2016). Immunohistochemistry using rabbit polyclonal anti OTUB 1 antibody was performed. Results: OTUB 1 was overexpressed in CRC tissues, and the expression level of OTUB 1 was correlated significantly with histologic grade (p<0.001), depth of invasion (pathological T) (p=0.03) and location of CRC (p=0.002). On the other hand, no significant correlation was found with age, gender, metastasis whether nodal or distant, TNM stage and size of tumor. Conclusion: OTUB 1 may have a possible role in tumor differentiation as well as local tumor invasion, thus could be useful in identification of biologically aggressive tumors in colonoscopic biopsies in addition to providing a basis for targeted therapy which could play a major role in the treatment of CRC.

Two hundreds and twenty-five male Hubbard broiler chicks at one day old were divided into five groups (45 chicks each.). Each group was assigned for one of five experimental diets. The first group was fed starter diets (0-2 week), grower diets (2-4 week) and finisher diets (4-7 week) as a control diets. However, the groups 1,2,3 and 4 were fed on the control diet with the addition of Micro-Bac (LA), Avi-Bac (LAE), LA + LAE and LAE + LA respectively. At the 7 th week of age, nine birds of each group (Three per each replicate) were slaughtered and blood samples were taken at slaughtering to determine serum cholesterol. Representative samples of fresh white breast meat were analyzed for chemical composition. The pH and plasticity of meat (breast and thigh) were determined after slaughtering at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 h during storage at 4°C and cooking loss of meat was determined after 24 h. Contents of digestive tract were collected to determine the total bacterial count, total lactic acid bacterial count, L.acidophilus count, Coli form bacteria, Salmonella viable count and Staphilococcal viable count. Supplementing the basal diet with either LA or LAE gave no significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion at 2, 4 and 7 weeks of age. However, there were improvement in body weight gain and feed conversion in chicks fed LA+LAE at 2, 4 and 7 weeks of age by 9.0, 4.7, 2.8% and 1.5, 8.2 and 10.6, respectively.On the other hand, LA supplementation and/or LAE to broiler has been shown to decrease the mortality rate compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in the percentage of dressing, and abdominal fat between chicks fed basal diet (control group) and these of other treatments.The meat of supplemented treatments were lower tender as indicated by lower plasticity values when compared with control diet. The lowest value of cooking loss was that of the control supplemented treatments tended to decrease the total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL in meat and serum cholesterol. All supplemented treatments inhibited bacterial growth of pathogenic bacteria.