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to find out the effect of pruning and plant growth regulator like GA 3 , IAA, NAA, 2,4-D on plant growth and fruit yield rejuvenated sapota plant. Variation due to divergence in genotypes was found significant so far as the morphometric is concerned highest leaf chlorophyll content (27.85SPAD), canopy spread (11.988m in E-W and 10.51m in N-S directions), number of flowers per shoot (9.61), fruit drop (60.406%) were observed in unpruned tree. Whereas maximum leaf area (47.616cm 2 ), fruit set (13.498%) were observed in primary branch pruned trees. Among the growth regulators and NAA@50ppm produced highest leaf area (45.974cm 2 ), no. of flowers per shoot (8.886), fruit set (15.032%), no. of fruits per plant (119.4), yield (14.906kg/tree) Whereas GA 3 @20ppm produced highest chlorophyll content (25.46SPAD), canopy spread (9.814m in E-W & 8.808m in N-S), fruit weight (134.494g). Hence it is concluded that growth regulator NAA@50ppm influences the yield attributes like fruit set and fruit retention. The treatment combination tip clipping of terminal shoots followed by spraying of NAA@50ppm produced highest fruit yield (19.48kg/tree) and was the best among all other treatment.

The value of combining hybridization and mutagenesis in sesame was examined to determine if treating hybrid sesame plant material with mutagens generated greater genetic variability in four key productivity traits than either the separate hybridization or mutation of plant material. In a randomized block design with three replications, six F2M2 varieties, three F2varieties, and three parental varieties were assessed at Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The plant characteristics height, number of seed capsules per plant, and seed yield per plant had greater variability in the F2M2 generation than their respective controls (F2), however, the number of primary branches per plant varied less than in the control population. The chances for trait selection to be operative were high for all the characteristics examined except the number of primary branches per plant, as indicated by heritability estimates. Increases in the mean and variability of the characteristics examined indicted a greater incidence of beneficial mutations and the breakdown of undesirable linkages with increased recombination. At both phenotypic and genotypic levels strong positive correlations between both primary branch number and capsule number with seed yield suggest that these traits are important for indirect improvement in sesame seed yield. As a result of the association analysis, sesame seed yield and its component traits improved significantly, which may be attributed to the independent polygenic mutations and enlarged recombination of the polygenes controlling the examined characteristics. Compared to the corresponding control treatment or to one cycle of mutagenic treatment, two cycles of mutagenic treatment resulted in increased variability, higher transgressive segregates, PTS mean and average transgression for sesame seed yield. These findings highlight the value of implementing two EMS treatment cycles to generate improved sesame lines. Furthermore, the extra variability created through hybridization may have potential in subsequent breeding research and improved seed yield segregants may be further advanced to develop ever-superior sesame varieties.

Banana in India is mostly a crop of marginal farmers with little affordability to tissue culture plants which are 4-8 times higher than the sucker cost. Hence, a simple and farmer friendly method has been developed to bridge the gap in supply of healthy planting material with an affordable cost through macro-propagation. This method generates plantlets from sword suckers and initial explants so farmers can adopt this especially to enhance the planting material production of traditional cultivars.