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Tuberculosis is a major public health concern. The present article reviews the current updates on the usage of nanoparticles against tuberculosis and recent patents that could develop into novel therapeutics available to the clinical armamentarium for the TB management. The drug delivery systems involving nanoparticles are suitable against chronic diseases such as tuberculosis. Polymers in many forms like liposomes, dendrimers, Nanoemulsions can be used as synthetic and natural carriers for first line and second line drugs employed for chemotherapy. Not only are the drugs sustainably released in organs and plasma, but also their dosages as well as adverse effects have been reduced, the drug interaction has increased and the drug resistant bacteria have been targeted. The hurdles in the development of anti-tuberculosis have made Nano medicines to act as a silver lining.

Introduction. Paraspinal abscesses are most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and some Gram-negative bacteria. In developing countries, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) contributes to almost 50 % of cases. Even in proven cases of tubercular paraspinal abscesses, secondary infection of aerobic or anaerobic bacteria is possible and should be carefully evaluated for proper management. Case report. A type I diabetes mellitus patient presented with chronic backache and lower limb weakness and radiological investigations showed paraspinal collections suggestive of tuberculosis. The patient was then started on anti-tubercular drugs, she initially responded and then showed gradual deterioration in the form of increased pain, fever and pus discharge. Aerobic cultures of pus were sterile and anaerobic culture grew Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus sensitive to metronidazole. Appropriate treatment had resulted in clinical improvement. Conclusion. Suspicion about co-infection with aerobic or anaerobic bacteria should be high even in proven cases of tubercular paraspinal abscess not improving despite proper anti-tubercular therapy.