The Lawe Manggamat sub-watershed has been degraded as indicated by the increasing frequency of flood events from year to year. This is related to the hampered infiltration process so that the volume of rainfall that enters the soil is getting smaller, on the other hand, the surface runoff tends to increase. This study aimed to determine the infiltration rate in the Lawe Menggamat sub -watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia. This research uses a descriptive method (survey) which refers to the Land Map Unit (LMU) by considering the type of land use, soil type, and slope. Infiltration in the field was observed using a double-ring infiltrometer at 17 LMU. The results showed that the infiltration rate in the Lawe Menggamat sub-watershed consisted of 5 categories, namely: fast (LMU-1, LMU-8, and LMU-16), rather fast (LMU-2, LMU-3, and LMU-17), medium (LMU-6, LMU-7, and LMU-10), rather slow (LMU-4, LMU-5, LMU-9, LMU-11, and LMU-15), slow (LMU-12, LMU-13, and LMU-14)."The dominant factors affecting the infiltration rate are texture, C-organic, bulk density, soil type, and land use. Management of cover crops and organic matter, as well as forest and land rehabilitation, are expected to improve infiltration in these areas.

ABSTRAKAreal Hutan Rawa Gambut Tripa (TPSF) Provinsi Aceh dengan luas areal 60.657,29 ha sebagian besar merupakan tanah gambut dengan ketebalan bervariasi dari 100 cm hingga >850 cm. Lebih dari 80% areal TPSF telah dimanfaatkan untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit dan kebun campuran. Hasil kajian lapangan dan laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 52% areal TPSF ini tidak sesuai untuk kelapa sawit karena terdapat faktor pembatas penggunaan lahan yaitu ketebalan gambut >2 meter, tingkat kematangan fibrik, dan lahan yang mudah tergenang. Pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit di areal TPSF telah memberikan perubahan pada aspek ekologis dan kualitas tanah. Kerusakan ekologis antara lain terjadinya subsidensi, menurunnya kemampuan mengikat air, memacu kehilangan C tanah dan mempercepat kematangan gambut. Perubahan karakteristik tanah meliputi meningkatnya BD (bulk density) dan KTK serta menurunkan C dan N tanah. Sifat kimia gambut yang telah lama digunakan untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit, kualitasnya lebih baik daripada gambut yang baru dibuka. Untuk mencegah terjadinya degradasi lahan, diperlukan upaya-upaya untuk rehabilitasi dan konservasi yaitu dengan mengatur sistem drainase (blocking canal) dan kedalaman air tanah untuk menghindari kebakaran bahan gambut serta menghambat emisi karbon yang berlebihan. Kendala keasaman tanah dan rendahnya kation basa dapat diatasi dengan penambahan amelioran dan pemupukan yang berimbang.

This study aims to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the peat lands (Histosols) in Aceh Jaya District using descriptive method. The results showed that some physical characteristics such as: water saturation in drilling-M1 (fibric soil materials) was 786.06% higher than drilling-M2 (hemic soil materials) and drilling-M3 (sapric soil materials) were 568.01% and 549.97%, respectively. Bulk density (BD) of drilling-M1, drilling-M2 and drilling-M3 are very low (0.08 - 0.12 g cm−3). Porosity in drilling-M1, drilling-M2 and drilling- M3 are classified as very porous at 95.00%, 93.00% and 90.54%. Some chemical characteristics show as follows: pH in drilling-M1, drilling-M2, and drilling-M3 categorized acid (4.52 - 5.16). Organic-C in drilling-M1, drilling-M2, and drilling-M3 ranges of 20.75 - 55.62% (very high). Exchangeable bases for calcium (3.6 - 23.9 cmol.kg−1), Mg (0.6 - 18.1 cmol.kg−1), and K (0.18 - 1.22 cmol.kg−1) are classified as low - very high. Exchangeable acidity for H (1.2 - 6.1 cmol.kg−1) higher than Al measured only in the drilling of M3 layers of Oa3 (2.3 cmol.kg−1). The CEC in drilling-M1, drilling-M2 and drilling-M3 ranges from 35.28 - 204.48 cmol.kg−1 (high - very high). Bases saturation (BS) ranges from very low - high (11.73 - 73.27%). Soil EC ranges 0.48 - 0.92 dS cm−1 (very low).

Bener Meriah district is one of the arabica coffee producing regions in Indonesia with an average production of 700-800 kg ha−1 year−1. Most of arabica coffee in this area are grown in Andisol. This study aims to determine the P status of Andisol, namely P-available, P-total, P-retention, P content of arabica coffee leaves and the correlation between soil P-available and P content of arabica coffee leaves in Bener Meriah district. This research was conducted using survey methods. The observed parameters were made on Andisol planted with arabica coffee which is located at an altitude of 1,200-1,400 m above mean sea level (AMSL) at slopes 0-3, 3-8, 8-15, 15-30, and >30% respectively. The results showed that Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-available ranging from 0.3 to 12.81 ppm (very low-high). Most of the Andisol observed (73.33%) had P-available at very low and low levels. Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-total ranging from 159.4 to 1,246.7 ppm (low-very-high). Most of the Andisol observed (73.33%) have P-total at moderate, high and very high levels. Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-retention ranging from 85.2 to 87.4%. Arabica coffee leaves have P content levels ranging from 0.10% to 0.23%. Most of the arabica coffee leaves (78.57%) were observed have P content at a minimum level.; there is a close relationship between soil P-available with P content of arabica coffee leaves with a value of r = 0.97.

Water is one of the primary needs of every living creature. With the increase in population, the need for water continues to increase. The declining water quality caused by human activities is one of the world’s concerns. This study examines river water quality status in the gold mining area in the downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed. The method used to determine the level of river water pollution is based on the Decree of Minister of Environment Number 115 the Year 2003, which uses class 1 water quality standards according to Government Regulation of The Republic of Indonesia Number 82 the Year. The results show that river water in the study area is in the category that is not polluted or fulfills water quality standards for drinking water and daily needs.