Vehicular technology has recently gained increasing popularity, and autonomous driving is a hot topic. To achieve safe and reliable intelligent transportation systems, accurate positioning technologies need to be built to factor in the different types of uncertainties such as pedestrian behavior, random objects, and types of roads and their settings. In this work, we look into the other domains and technologies required to build an autonomous vehicle and conduct a relevant literature analysis. In this work, we look into the current state of research and development in environment detection, pedestrian detection, path planning, motion control, and vehicle cybersecurity for autonomous vehicles. We aim to study the different proposed technologies and compare their approaches. For a car to become fully autonomous, these technologies need to be accurate enough to gain public trust and show immense accuracy in their approach to solving these problems. Public trust and perception of auto vehicles are also explored in this paper. By discussing the opportunities as well as the obstacles of autonomous driving technology, we aim to shed light on future possibilities.

No abstract

No abstract

This paper details the transistor aging and gate oxide reliability of Intel's 14nm process technology. This technology introduces Intel's 2 nd generation tri-gate transistor and the 4 th generation of high-κ dielectrics and metal-gate electrodes. The reliability metrics reported here highlight reliability gains attained through transistor optimizations as well as intrinsic challenges from device scaling.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have gained incredible attention because of their applications in safety, commercial uses, and traffic management. However, the dynamic topology changes caused by the high speed of vehicles raise many challenges for the effective data dissemination in vehicular applications.In this paper, with the objective to solve the problem of frequent disconnection during data delivery, we propose a novel, intelligent forwarding-based stable and reliable data dissemination scheme. First, link stability is described mathematically, by which vehicle chooses the next forwarding node. Then, a greedy algorithm is presented to transmit the data from source to destination. A separate recovery algorithm is also designed to resolve the intermediate link breakage problem. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed by performing extensive network and traffic simulations with respect to various indexes such as latency, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and throughput. Compared with the state-of-the-art protocols, the proposed method under varying density improves the average PDR and throughput by 31.55% and 25.30%, respectively. KEYWORDS greedy forwarding, link duration, stability, VANET INTRODUCTIONVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have emerged as an integral part of intelligent transportation system (ITS) for effective data transmission in the past few years. The inter-vehicle and roadside communication networks of VANETs have gained importance because of its usage in many applications all over the world. Road safety, traffic control, and infotainment are the promising applications of vehicular communication. Vehicle and roadside unit (RSU) act as intelligent devices for data collection from the environment by using effective routing protocols and then transmitting the data to other devices connected to the Internet and cloud. VANETs support two distinct communication scenarios: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. In V2V, vehicles exchange information with one another, and in V2I, vehicles uses information provided by nearest roadside components. The architecture of vehicular communication is shown in Figure 1. The amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard, ie, IEEE 802.11p, pertains to vehicular communications. 1 The standard comprises the Physical (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) protocols for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE). 2 The higher layer protocols are built on the IEEE 1609 standard. In 2003, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) proposed a dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) system with the allocation of 75 MHz of spec-Int J Commun Syst. 2019;32:e3869. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/dac FIGURE 1 Vehicular ad hoc network architecture. RSU indicates roadside unittrum for vehicular emergency warning messages and other applications of VANETs. In Europe, CAR 2 CAR Communication Consortium (C2C-CC) was founded as a vehicle manufacturer organization to increase efficiency and road traffic safety using inter-vehicle message excha...