Purpose – This research aims to explore the relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity. In addition, we intend to study the moderating role played by learning orientation in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity. Design/methodology/approach – Data have been collected from employees working at the Airtel and Aircel call centers of J&K (India). A two-step approach to structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the proposed measurement model fit and construct validity. The structural model was generated to test the significance of the theoretical relationships. Findings – The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity, and it is being moderated by learning orientation. Research limitations/implications – Although this study expands our knowledge about the role of learning orientation between transformational leadership and employee creativity, the prospects for further research are still present. The cross-sectional design of study might not have been able to extract the true essence of the cause-and-effect relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity. Practical implications – Transformational leaders promote followers’ creativity, so the management may find it valuable to invest in transformational leadership training for supervisors and team leaders, or use personality testing to screen for high-caliber candidates, who have high potential of becoming a transformational leader. The characteristics of a transformational leader, when coupled with the learning orientation of employees, yield positive results in the form of employee creativity, which managers can use to generate sustainable competitive advantages for their organizations. Originality/value – This paper is original, as it contributes to existing theory by establishing the moderating role played by learning orientation in between transformational leadership and employee creativity. The moderation has been proved via SEM with the help of latent constructs, which is seldom done.

The present study focuses on exploring the role of self-efficacy between high-performance work system (HPWS) and learning orientation. Further, the role of learning orientation between HPWS and employee performance (EP) has also been evaluated. Additionally, the impact of HPWS on employee performance when moderated by self-efficacy and mediated by learning orientation has been studied. The model has been tested in the service sector (banking sector). The data obtained have been duly validated with the help of confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modeling has been used for hypotheses testing. The results indicate that self-efficacy moderates the relationship between the HPWS and learning orientation. In addition, learning orientation mediates the relationship between the HPWS and employee performance relationship. The results further reveal that the learning orientation mediates the interaction effect of HPWS and self-efficacy on employee performance (moderated mediation). Finally, the managerial implications, limitations and scope for future research have been discussed.

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