Objective: To determine the distribution of different skeletal pattern in orthodontic patients visiting a tertiary center in midwestern Nepal.Materials & Method: A sample of 200 lateral cephalograms of Nepali patients visiting UCMS-College of Dental Surgery, Bhairahawa was obtained. The jaw base relationship was assessed from lateral cephalograms using angular measurement (ANB angle). Among the total sample size; 74 (37%) were males and 126 (63%) were female. Age was divided into 3 groups: 8-11 years, 12-17 years, and 18-36 years. Pearson Chi square test was done to test the association between age group and distribution of skeletal jaw base relationship. All data were recorded and analyzed with SPSS software.Result: The distribution of skeletal malocclusion according to ANB angle classification revealed that the most prevalent skeletal malocclusion was Class II skeletal jaw base relationship accounting up to 97(48.5%), followed by Class I 87(43.5%) and Class III 16(8%). The study showed statistically significant difference between gender and distribution of skeletal jaw base relationship (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the age groups and distribution of skeletal jaw base relationship (p<0.05).Conclusion: Most common skeletal jaw base relationship in patients seeking orthodontic patients was Class II followed by Class I and Class III in a tertiary center of mid-western Nepal.

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Introduction: Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need varies according to different region based on ethnic diversity.Objective: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need amongst patients visiting College of Dental Surgery, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal.Materials & Method: A cross-sectional study based on WHO-Oral Health Survey Basic Methods using Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe and mouth mirror was conducted. The malocclusion based on Angle’s classification, overjet, overbite, open bite, crowding, spacing and cross bites were recorded. Dental Health Components (DHC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was recorded. The frequency distribution was calculated and chi square test was used to assess the gender difference.Result: The prevalence of normal occlusion was 5.8%, Angle’s Class I malocclusion was 67.9%, Class II was 19.5% and Class III was 6.8%. Crowding (51.07%) was more common malocclusion trait than spacing (24.46%). There were no significant differences in distribution of various occlusal traits between male and female subjects. Orthodontic treatment need based on DHC showed: 19.40% were in definite/extreme need of treatment (Grade 4/5), 21.93% had borderline need (Grade 3) and 58.67% had no/ little need of treatment (Grade 1/2).Conclusion: Angle’s Class I was the most common malocclusion trait (67.9%) followed by anterior crowding (51.07%). 19.40% patients visiting the teaching hospital in Pokhara are in definite or extreme need of orthodontic treatment

The present research was done with the objective of comparing Adult Sibling Relationship among middle aged adults (mean age range= 46.5 years) living in extended and nuclear families.100 adults of Dehradun city were contacted to collect the data, out of which n=50 represented extended families with their siblings living under one roof and n=50 were living in nuclear family. The Adult Sibling Relationship Scale by Nandwana & Katoch was used to study the Variable. The scale is categorized into four dimensions (contact, emotional closeness and conflict, confiding). t- test was applied on the data, the result yielded that adults living in extended families enjoy a high congenial sibling relationship as compared to adults  living in nuclear families. Adults living in extended families are not only in frequent contact with their siblings because of proximity but are also more emotionally close with them as compared to adults living in nuclear families.

Girl education is emerging as one of the top priorities of Indian society “educating girls is not an option it is necessity”, we all want to eliminate gender disparities in education. As woman is the central figure of family and she is the first and ideal teacher of children.  All personality theorists point out the significant role of mother in child development. As child is the future of nation. The hope of all around development, peace and prosperity of the society, nation and even world was rest upon the tender shoulders of the child. But how far it is possible if mother is not educated? Numerous studies have highlighted the strong correlation between mother’s education and child health or survival probability. Good parent-child relationship is essential for all around (physical, mental, social, emotional, psychological, educational or even spiritual) development of child, the future of nation. Educating girls brings many benefits to society. As educated mother gives importance to education and they invest more in their children’s schooling and this improves society’s development prospect. They give equal importance to education, health and increase the productivity of future generation. And if they are not educated then the productivity and capacity of future generation will be low. Keeping this fact in mind the researcher makes an effort to investigate the effect of mothers education on mother child relationship or significance of mother’s education on development and up bring of their children. For the present study 40 educated mothers (EM) and 40 uneducated mothers (UM) aged 25 to 40 were taken from Srinagar Garhwal, Uttrakhand. The Parent Child Relationship Scale was developed by Dr H.C. Sharma & Dr N.S. Chauhan and Personal Data sheet were used for collecting data. The X2 was used for the statistical analysis of data. The above results manifests that educated mothers are significantly differ on six dimensions out of eight dimension of Parent Child Relationship Scale, from uneducated mothers. It projects that mother’s education play very crucial role in proper all around development of children and healthy parent children relationship.