PR interval reflects the slow conduction of an impulse through the AV node, which is controlled by the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of electrocardiogram's short P-R interval during pregnancy. We included 150 pregnant women for the study, comprising 50 women in each trimester of pregnancy and were compared with another 50 age matched non-pregnant women as controls who had normal P-R interval. ECG was recorded after giving 5 minutes of rest to the subject to allay anxiety in all 12 leads by connecting electrodes to left arm, right arm, left leg and right leg in supine position. The values were expressed as Mean + SD and Z-Test was used for comparison between control and study groups. Categorical data was analyzed by Chi-square test. A 'p' value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. In first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, there was highly significant rise in heart rate (p<0.001) as compared to control. There was a statistically significant decrease in PR interval (p<0.001) in all trimesters of pregnancy when compared to control group. This indicates that shortening of PR interval during pregnancy is benign and no treatment is required.

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is rapidly emerging as a major public health problem in India; and Indiahas the maximum number of diabetics in the world. Diabetes assumes special importance in context of Indian army, where Diabetes is one of the leading causes of hospital admission, disability, and invalidment from service. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and its distribution and determinants among Army personnel in Belgaum Cantonment. Methodology: A one year cross sectional study with a sample size of 600 participants, carried out by a structured interview using questionnaire, physical examination, anthropometry, and fasting blood sugar estimation. The present study was performed after the institutional ethical clearance and the informed and written consent from all the participants. The data obtained was analyzed for the statistical significance using SPSS software version 10 by adopting univariate and multivariate analysis. P<0.05 was considered the level of significance. Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus among army personnel was 6.67 %. Out of 40 diabetics identified, 17(42.5%) of them are newly detected cases of diabetes. Conclusion: The various risk factors found to be significantly associated with diabetes in the present study are increasing age, higher army rank and educational status, lack of physical exercise, increased Body Mass Index (BMI), and increased Waist Hip Ratio (WHR). Diabetes was also positively associated with current Hypertension status and family history of diabetes.

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Background: Varicose veins of lower extremities are the most common peripheral vascular disease and it calls for treatment due to the morbidity and loss of working hours it causes. In advocating surgery the need to establish the need for surgery in the patient cannot be over emphasized. In the present study, the various surgical methods available and the outcome of the treatment for varicose veins in patients were evaluated. Methods: The study was conducted in teaching & general hospital and government general hospital, attached to medical college. The various available surgical procedures were used in the present study after the informed consent from all the patients. Results: Trendelenburg's operation was done in 4.76% of cases, it was coupled with stripping of long saphenous and subfascial ligation of perforators 33.33% cases. In 9.52% cases with competent saphenofemoral junction, only subfascial ligation was carried out by small transverse incisions. Postoperative wound infection was seen in 20.59% of cases. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the Trendelenburg's operation is carried out in all the patients with saphenofemoral incompetence. Stripping of the long saphenous vein from above downwards is safer for the saphenous nerve than stripping from below upwards. Stripping of long saphenous vein till the below knee level is an adequate procedure. This can be combined with the multiple ligation or excision of varicose tributaries.