BackgroundRight iliac fossa mass is one of the most common clinical scenarios a surgeon encounters during their surgical practice. It poses a critical diagnostic dilemma for surgeons and requires considerable diagnostic skills. Its clinical diagnosis becomes difficult in the presence of comorbidities, such as severe obesity and guarding, as in these cases, the mass becomes palpable only upon the administration of a relaxant. MethodsA total of 108 patients admitted to Bhima Bhoi Medical College & Hospital, exhibiting signs and symptoms of mass in the right iliac fossa upon cross-examination, were included in the study. We recorded their detailed clinical history and performed physical examinations, including erect abdomen, chest (postanterior view), and contrast x-rays, ultrasonogram; and CT scans. ResultsIn this study, patients with appendicular masses, appendicular abscesses, ileocecal tuberculosis, cecum carcinoma, ovarian tumors, and parietal lipoma accounted for 45.3%, 17.5%, 12.9%, 7.4%, 6.4%, and 4.6% of the total cases, respectively, whereas patients with retroperitoneal tumors, parietal abscesses, and ileocecal lymphadenopathy accounted for 1.8% each.

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Plantaris (PM) arises from the lower part of the lateral supracondylar line and the oblique popliteal ligament. It has a small fusiform belly ending in a long slender tendon, and crosses obliquely, in an infero-medial direction, between gastrocnemius and soleus and is inserted into the calcaneous, just medial to the tendo-calcaneous tendon. Functionally, it is of less importance as a plantar flexor and is considered to be a vestigial muscle. The plantaris muscle shows variations like total absence, either unilaterally or bilaterally. In this present study, tendinous origin of the muscle in a single specimen was demonstrated along with usual morphological study of PM. Material and Method: During regular routine dissection in the department, the popliteal region and posterior compartment of leg from both sides of 18 adult human cadavers (36 inferior extremities) were displayed. Dissection of plantaris muscle from its origin to insertion was done and measurements were taken with the help of measuring tape and photographed for records. Observations were analyzed and discussed. Results and Conclusion:In this present study, unilateral and bilateral absence of plantaris muscle was found in 8.33% and 2.77% of cases; it had a tendinous origin in 2.63% and in majority of cases (88.88%) the usual origin and insertion of the plantaris muscle were demonstrated. A unique case, the tendinous origin of plantaris muscle, was demonstrated which showed an intermediate state between the usual type (small muscle belly with long tendon) and complete absence of muscle, suggesting that during the evolution process, the welldeveloped state of the muscle in monkeys gradually become a vestigial entity in human being.

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