Malaria is a potentially fatal parasitic disease brought on by five Plasmodium species, including Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium knowlesi. The fast emergence of P. falciparum resistance to currently available treatments has increased health concerns in developing countries. The growth in resistance emphasizes the need for a novel, secure, and cost-effective antimalarial drug that can treat malaria resistant to multiple antimalarial drugs. Therefore, it has become crucial to create new therapeutic approaches to deal with the rise of parasites resistant to artemisinin. For the treatment of P. falciparum malaria in children living in areas with moderate to high transmission, as established by WHO, the malaria vaccine RTS, S has been authorized. The WHO recommends that governments consider this immunization against a human parasite when deciding the optimum subnational combination of measures for maximum impact. The current research synthesizes numerous 4-aminoquinoline derivatives successfully treating malaria and its diverse etiological species. Additionally crucial to the management and prevention of malaria are antibiotics. Effective and well-tolerated antimalarial medications include tetracycline and chloramphenicol, chloroquine, primaquine, pamaquine, and artemisinins are some of the drugs used to treat malaria; however, numerous new compounds have proven to be even more efficient. This review, based on literature reports, will give medicinal chemists ideas for new malaria drugs to develop. In addition, this review will help search for new antimalarial drug leads in the future.

Introduction: In recent years, extensive research has been done worldwide for crop waste management so that its various components can be used effectively in various industries. Numerous on- and off-field strategies exist for dealing with RS. The health and environmental concerns render in-field management techniques such as burning, mulching, inclusion, etc., impractical. The second largest volume of agricultural waste is produced when it is burned, which poses health problems due to air pollution and harms organic matter by causing significant nutrient losses. Aim: Since Rice Straw (RS) contains a lot of cellulose, researchers are interested in exploring its possible use in the pharmaceutical sector. The chemical nature of RS and the many therapeutic uses of RS-derived biomaterial are the main topics of this review. Pharmaceutical uses include using RS-derived biomaterial as a drug carrier, excipient, packaging material, cosmetic ingredient, and developing other products with added value.

Introduction: Urotensin - II (U-II) is a small peptide of 11 to 14-amino acids containing a ring structure of 6-amino acids which is highly conserved in all organisms. UT-II and its receptors have been confined in human cerebrum, spinal line, heart (ventricular myocardium), vascular (endothelial and smooth muscle) tissues, kidney, thyroid and skeletal muscles. The discovery of U-II as an endogenous ligand of GPR14 has rekindled the interest in its physiological as well as pathophysiological role in humans. Objective: Objective of the manuscript is to develop better understanding of its binding to the receptor, its secondary messenger system and mechanism of termination of action, we will be better equipped to tame its properties. Conclusion: This review explained about chemical structure of Urotensin-II, U-II and UT receptor, UT antagonists and a correlation with cardiovascular diseases like arthrosclerosis, congestive cardiovascular breakdown and diabetes.

A full-thickness open wound with loss of residual cells for regeneration does not heal spontaneously and takes a long duration for complete healing. Sometimes, this results in scarring of the skin and significant disability. A scaffold that provides a 3D framework for cell signaling, attachment, and proliferation is essential for the rapid closure of a full-thickness wound. Nowadays, the electrospun nanofiber is the most widely employed formulation in wound healing. The current study analyzed a patent trend analysis of electrospun nanofiber's application in tissue regeneration. The patent search was conducted using open-source patent databases like The Lens and Patentscope. Two hundred thirty-one patent records were found with the keywords and exported from the database for January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021. After the initial screening, 24 patent documents were shortlisted for in-depth analysis. China, the USA, European Countries, Korea, and Australia lead this patent filing field. The top applicants are either private companies or academic institutions. The last ten years of patents were analyzed in terms of Patent-Applicant, Patent- Inventors, Patent-Owners, patent filed, published and granted. In the top ten Assignee, Marine Essence Bioscience Corp (US) topped the list. The most-recorded IPC class is A61L15/44, a subgroup of A61L15, and it is related to the chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads. In the end, some relevant patent was analyzed based on their citation by other patents and non-patent literature. From patent trend analysis, it was observed that the electrospun nanofiber would provide an attractive area for research in tissue regeneration.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a dangerous complication that can afflict persons with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and is caused by a lack of glucose utilization and insulin generation. DKA is diagnosed by observing the anion gap values, blood glucose level, pH, serum bicarbonate level, and so on. DKA is associated with an elevated blood glucose of > 250 mg/dl (16.7 mmol/l) and is diagnosed by observing the values of anion gap, blood glucose level, pH, serum bicarbonate level, and so on. It occurs more frequently in type 1 diabetics with low insulin levels. Sodium-glucose Co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a novel family of anti-diabetic medications that lower blood glucose levels and produce glucosuria. The US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has issued a drug safety warning about the increased risk of DKA when using SGLT-2 inhibitors. Following the USFDA's warning, the European Medicine Agency reported 101 more cases of ketoacidosis caused by SGLT-2 inhibitors in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (EMA). According to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, all SGLT-2 inhibitors should be stopped 3-4 days before major surgery and 24 hours before elective surgery. This review article focuses on the metabolism of ketone bodies and many pathophysiologic mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors, which lower insulin/glucagon ratios, promote glucagon secretion from alpha cells, and increase ketones levels by stimulating lipolysis and resulting in ketogenesis. The primary goal of this study is to improve our understanding of a significant consequence of DKA caused by sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Psychosocial factors linked to diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with type 1 diabetes, as well as the prevalence of DKA in COVID-19 patients, have been linked to higher severity of mortality and duration of stay in these patients, according to recent research.