Wang ZH, Mo JZ, Xiao SD. Effects of thalidomide in experimental models of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2007; 22: 371-6. 18 He ZJ, Winston JH, Yusuf Te et al. Intraductal administration of an NK1 receptor antagonist attenuates the inflammatory response to retrograde infusion of radiological contrast in rats: implications for the pathogenesis and prevention of ERCP-induced pancreatitis. Pancreas 2003; 27: e13-7. 19 Khoshbaten M, Khorram H, Madad L, Ardakani MJE, Farzin H, Zali MR. Role of diclofenac in reducing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. Andriulli A, Leandro G, Federici T et al. Prophylactic administration of somatostatin or gabexate does not prevent pancreatitis after ERCP: an updated meta-analysis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2007; 65: 624-32. 22 Rudin D, Kiss A, Wetz RV, Sottile VM. Somatostatin and gabexate for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis prevention: meta-analysis of randomized placebo controlled trials. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2007; 22: 977-83. 23 Thomopoulos KC, Pagoni NA, Vagenas KA, Margaritis VG, Theocharis GI, Nikolopoulou VN. Twenty-four hour prophylaxis with increased dosage of octreotide reduces the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2006; 64: 726-31. 24 Singh P, Das A, Isenberg G et al. Do prophylactic stent placement reduces risk of post-ERCP acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2004; 60: 544-50. 25 Andriulli A, Forlano R, Napolitano G et al. Pancreatic duct stents in the prophylaxis of pancreatic damage after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a systematic analysis of benefits and associated risks. Digestion 2007; 75: 156-63. 26 Das A, Singh P, Sivak MV Jr et al. Pancreatic stent placement for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a cost effectiveness analysis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2007; 65: 960-8. 27 Freeman ML, Overby C, Qi D. Pancreatic stent insertion: consequences of failure and results of a modified technique to maximize success. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2004; 59: 8-14. 28 Sherman S, Hawes RH, Savides TJ et al. Stent-induced pancreatic ductal and parenchymal changes: correlation of endoscopic ultrasound with ERCP. Gastrointest. Endosc. 1996; 44: 276-82. 29 Rashdan A, Fogel EL, McHenry L Jr, Sherman S, Temkit M, Lehman GA. Improved stent characteristics for prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2004; 2: 322-9. 30 Lawrence C, Cotton PB, Romagnuolo J, Payne KM, Rawls E, Hawes RH. Small prophylactic pancreatic duct stents: an assessment

Turmeric supplementation improved glucose indexes and serum leptin levels and may be useful in the control of NAFLD complications.

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Background: The hepatitis E virus (HEV) has a global distribution and is known to have caused large waterborne epidemics of icteric hepatitis. Transmission is generally via the fecal-oral route. Some reports have suggested parenteral transmission of HEV. Anti-HEV prevalence data among chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients are few and give conflicting results.