An elegant method (modified sol-gel method) was developed to fabricate porous silver (Ag) monoliths using Tween-85 (T-85) as a reducing agent with and without dextran (Dex) and TiO 2 nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) for heterogeneous catalysis for the reduction of methyl orange (MO) using sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ), as reducing agent and also sensor against caffeine. Ag/Tween-85/Dextran/TiO 2 NPs (Ag/T-85/Dex/TiO 2 NPs) catalyst was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm technique, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Porous Ag/T-85/Dex/TiO 2 NPs monolith degraded toxic dye methyl orange just in 25 seconds (s) which is the minimum time reported. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) using modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) together with Ag/AgCl as reference and pt as counter electrodes with 0.1 m H 2 SO 4 as supporting electrolyte were used. Ag/T-85/Dex/TiO 2 NPs À CPE acts as a sensor against caffeine with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantization (LOQ) 0.654 ng mL À 1 and 0.876 ng mL À 1 respectively and sensitivity is 0.236 μA/mm/cm 2 .

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WHAT IS DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION? DBS consist of implanted electrodes that provide continuous tiny electrical currents into deep structures of the brain. 6 Deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapeutical procedure in A B S T R A C T Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure involving the implantation of a medical device called a neurostimulator (brain pacemaker) which transmits electrical impulses through embeded electrodes to specific sites of brain (brain nuclei) for the treatment of problem in movement and neuropsychiatric disorders. DBS in certain sites of brain has provided therapeutic benefits for disorders which are not treatable. This review highlights the principle mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation (DBS) advantages, limitations and it's amazing application in the management of various neurological disorders.

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