Inclusive education is hard to implement in secondary schools. Probably, one of the determining factors lies in teachers' initial training that determines their attitude, identity and professional practice. This research analyses the initial teacher education programmes for Secondary Education, Higher Secondary Education, called bachillerato in Spain, and Vocational and Artistic training in the five best valued Spanish universities in the education field, according to the ranking I-UGR, after the European convergence process in the European Higher Education Area. The study analyses the national regulations that govern this training. A quantitative study was conducted to examine the number of credits dedicated to inclusive education and also a review of the contents of these subjects was carried out. The study concludes that this initial teacher training provides sufficient theoretical basis regarding the conceptualization of inclusive education and the skills to deal with the tutorship and academic and professional orientation. However, important limitations in training prevent future teachers from identifying students' and context's special educational needs, and the attention to diversity through different methods and curriculum adaptations.
This article presents a comparative study of the care of students with severe and permanent educational needs in the six EU countries with greater rates of educational inclusion (Italy, Greece, Portugal, Norway, Cyprus and Iceland). Such study has been done bearing in mind the following indicators: Analysis of educational needs, identification of deficit, schooling of students in Specific Centres for Special Education, legislative frame, responsibility for schooling and rendering of services, frame and models of schooling, state and functions of Specific Centres of Special Education, curricula of the inclusion, Human resources, family role and funding. From the aforementioned lines are deduced the trends in policies and educational practices carried out are followed. Conclude the necessary changes for the improvement of the future educational educational inclusion. ResumenEste artículo presenta un estudio comparado de la atención realizada a los alumnos con discapacidades graves y permanentes en los seis países de la UE que presentan mayores índices de inclusión educativa (Italia, Grecia, Portugal, Noruega, Chipre e Islandia). Dicho estudio está realizado teniendo en cuenta los siguientes indicadores: concepción de las necesidades educativas especiales, identificación de los déficit, alumnado escolarizado en Centros Específicos de Educación Especial, marco legislativo, responsabilidad de escolarización y prestación de servicios, modelo y modalidades de escolarización, estado y funciones de los Centros Específicos de Educación Especial, currículo de la inclusión, recursos humanos, papel de las familias y financiación. De ahí se deducen las tendencias en las polí-ticas y las prácticas educativas realizadas y se concluyen los cambios necesarios para mejorar la inclusión educativa en un futuro.
This article analyses the educational inclusion of students with severe and permanent disabilities in the different autonomous communities of the Spanish State. After describing the Spanish socio-economic context, a comparative analysis is carried out based on the following indicators: the conception of severe, permanent disabilities; the regulation framework; responsibility of schooling and provision of services; identification and assessment of flaws; incidence in the population; curricular proposals (model and modalities of support); specific centers and units; human and material resources; the role of families and funding. The analysis of the implemented policies concludes by pointing out the challenges which should influence future improvements in order to accomplish real educational equality.
Resumen:La educación secundaria ha sido identificada como un obstáculo para lograr la inclusión real y eficaz de todo el alumnado. La formación del profesorado es crucial para alcanzar dicha educación inclusiva. Por ello, nuestro estudio analiza los programas de formación en España (64 titulaciones). De acuerdo con las diferencias estadísticas, ha sido posible responder a tres preguntas de investigación. En respuesta a la primera, el sector (público o privado) de la oferta formativa no influye en la formación sobre educación inclusiva que reciben los futuros profesores. Respecto a la segunda pregunta, se ha hallado una influencia significativa en la oferta debida a la presencia del itinerario de orientación, que no todas las titulaciones ofrecen. Por último, los contenidos codificados sobre educación inclusiva en base a las guías o proyectos docentes han resultado consistentes en contraste con la exigencia de las competencias sobre inclusión. El carácter supra e internacional de las carencias formativas en el caso del profesorado de educación secundaria es uno de los principales temas de discusión a lo largo de todo el texto. También se discuten la brevedad de los programas, cómo ha influido hasta ahora el itinerario de orientación educativa en España, la importancia de la inclusión en la educación secundaria y las implicaciones prácticas y curriculares del estudio.
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