Since the 1970s there has been a growing interpenetration of both ecology and feminism which has been accompanied by a parallel increase in environmental literature written by women.1 In this paper I intend to show how these recent cultural and literary changes and innovations have brought about a critique of the traditional canon of nature writing. Although the literary canon is never a monolithic formation, it has, of old, been predominantly constructed as male; nevertheless, the last three decades have seen the accession of numerous women writers to, among other literatures, the Irish and Galician ones, so there is an evident coalition of forces and interests along gender lines that deserves analysis from the perspective of ecocriticism. Since Françoise d'Eaubonne introduced the term ecoféminisme in France in the 1970s, this movement for social change has highlighted the connection between the exploitation of nature and the oppression of women.2 Parallelisms have also been identified between the marginalization of women's writing and that of environmental writing. Therefore, it is not surprising that an important component of the struggle for the liberation of women should concern itself with the preservation of the environment as well.Recent developments of ecofeminism have questioned the misleading simplicity of the opposition male/female and have introduced in the debates
O presente traballo reúne a escritoras actuais de Galicia e Irlanda que reflexionan sobre a práctica ecofeminista da súa escrita. As súas achegas identifican os principais debates de hoxe sobre a relación da muller coa natureza nun espazo, como o da literatura, que é especialmente privilexiado para, non simplemente representar o mundo, senón imaxinalo e configuralo doutros xeitos menos destrutivos da outredade. Estas escritoras (narradoras e poetas) comparten unha ecorrexión, a Atlántica, que afronta desafíos semellantes, pero mesmo desde as súas diferenzas, as autoras achegan reflexións de relevancia mutua ás dúas comunidades sobre, entre outras cuestións, a muller e o seu corpo, a muller do rural, muller e animalidade, o antropomorfismo e o cambio climático.
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Manuela Palacios. En decembro de 2021 presentouse en Galicia a antoloxía A Different Eden. Ecopoetry from Ireland and Galicia / Un Edén diferente. Ecopoesía de Irlanda e Galicia (Dedalus Press 2021). Cales foron as razóns que vos levaron a ti, Lorna Shaughnessy e Martín Veiga a preparar esta escolma de ecopoesía? Keith Payne. A proposta inicial veu de Martín Veiga e do proxecto de investigación do que forma parte, "O tropo animal". A necesidade dunha antoloxía de ecopoesía resultaba imperiosa tanto para ver o que a poesía achega a esta cuestión esencial como porque non había nada semellante en Irlanda, aínda que en 2021 tamén saíu publicada a escolma Empty House. Poetry and Prose on the Climate Crisis (Doire Press) editada por Alice Kinsella e Nessa O'Mahony. M.P.Ao reunir ecopoesía de Galicia e Irlanda, vai implícita unha comparación entre as dúas literaturas e a súa aproximación á cuestión ecolóxica. Atopastes pertinente esta comparación? K.P. Ademais do feito de que os tres editores traballamos con ambas as dúas literaturas tanto a través da creación como da tradución, hai semellanzas entre as dúas ecorrexións: clima marítimo; costa atlántica; situación xeograficamente periférica no continente europeo; base tradicional agrícola en eidos pequenos e o impacto que as sucesivas políticas territoriais e agrarias, nacionais e europeas, tiveron nesa economía agraria; o impacto das políticas pesqueiras nas dúas sociedades e os seus medios de vida; por outra parte, nin Galicia nin Irlanda viviron realmente unha revolución industrial a grande escala, aínda que ambas experimentaron unha urbanización masiva desde finais da década dos sesenta do século XX, co resultado de cambios sociais comparables; as dúas sociedades teñen unha longa historia de emigración por causas económicas; ambas teñen linguas minorizadas, aínda que en estadios moi distintos de declive; finalmente, considerabamos que cada sociedade podía aprender moito da outra: a reacción de cada unha delas 1 Tanto a antoloxía A Different Eden / Un Edén diferente como esta entrevista que a analiza son resultados do proxecto de investigación O tropo animal: unha análise ecofeminista da cultura contemporánea de Galicia e Irlanda (PGC2018-093545-B-I00 MCIU / AEI / FEDER, UE).
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