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Purpose. Gas explosion in the underground coal mines of Pakistan is the main source of coal miners' mortalities. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main causes of gas explosion in the underground coal mines of Pakistan.Methods. The study employs the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to understand the key root causes that lead to system failure. Particularly, this research has articulated the fault tree model in case of gas explosion in underground coal mines to analyze the root causes of this dangerous accident.Findings. This analysis has revealed that most of the root causes (4/7) with 5/10 accidents, 49/53 fatalities and 28/35 injuries resulted from primary failure of the gas explosion that poses a major threat to lives of mine workers. Similarly, the accumulation of gases and ignition are leading causes of gas explosion.Originality. FTA has been employed for the first time to understand the underlying root causes with the corresponding number of accident, fatalities and injuries of gas explosion in underground coal mines of Pakistan. This original application of FTA to the problem under discussion presents some important underlying factors which should be considered to reduce the risk of gas explosion and its related fatal and non-fatal accidents. Practical implications.The study proposes preventive strategies to lessen the fatal and non-fatal accidents resulting from gas explosions. Explicitly, Pakistan has to conduct major structural and safety management reforms.

Objective To apply a cascade-of-care framework to evaluate the effectiveness—by age of the child—of an intensified tuberculosis patient-finding intervention. Design From a prospective screening program at four hospitals in Pakistan (2014–2016) we constructed a care cascade comprising six steps: screened, positive screen, evaluated, diagnosed, started treatment, and successful outcome. We evaluated the cascade by each year of age from 0 to 14 and report the age-specific mean proportion and standard deviation. Results On average across all ages, only 12.5% (standard deviation: 2.0%) of children with a positive screen were not evaluated. Among children who had a complete evaluation, the highest percentages of children diagnosed with tuberculosis were observed in children 0–4 (mean: 31.9%; standard deviation: 4.8%), followed by lower percentages in children 5–9 (mean: 22.4%; standard deviation: 2.2%), and 10–14 (mean: 26.0%; standard deviation:5.4%). Nearly all children diagnosed with tuberculosis initiated treatment, and an average of 93.3% (standard deviation: 3.3%) across all ages had successful treatment outcomes. Conclusions This intervention was highly effective across ages 0–14 years. Our study illustrates the utility of applying operational analyses of age-stratified cascades to identify age-specific gaps in pediatric tuberculosis care that can guide future, novel interventions to close these gaps.

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The main purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the Big Five Personality Model and Cyberloafing. Results have demonstrated that the elements of the five-factor personality model are positively related to cyberloafing, and some factors are inversely related to cyberloafing. The five major elements of the five-factor personality model are Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, Neuroticism, Consciousness and Extraversion. Two of the five factors, i.e., Agreeableness and Consciousness, are inversely related to cyberloafing whereas Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Neuroticism are linked positively. Furthermore, results suggest that Agreeableness and consciousness do not have a significant impact on cyberloafing. An individual with these traits is found to be more of a workaholic, because of their belief in commitment and work. This study findings have some valid implications for organizational managers to gain insight into employees’ personalities and their cyberloafing behaviour.