Halo-tolerant, auxin producing bacteria could be used to induce salt tolerance in plants. A number of Rhizobium and auxin producing rhizobacterial strains were assessed for their ability to tolerate salt stress by conducting osmoadaptation assay. The selected strains were further screened for their ability to induce osmotic stress tolerance in mung bean seedlings under salt-stressed axenic conditions in growth pouch/jar trials. Three most effective strains of Rhizobium and Pseudomonas containing ACC-deaminase were evaluated in combination, for their ability to induce osmotic stress tolerance in mung bean at original, 4, and 6 dS m−1 under axenic conditions. Results showed that sole inoculation of Rhizobium and Pseudomonas strains improved the total dry matter up to 1.4, and 1.9 fold, respectively, while the increase in salt tolerance index was improved up to 1.3 and 2.0 fold by the Rhizobium and Pseudomonas strains, respectively. However, up to 2.2 fold increase in total dry matter and salt tolerance index was observed due to combined inoculation of Rhizobium and Pseudomonas strains. So, combined application of Rhizobium and Pseudomonas strains could be explored as an effective strategy to induce osmotic stress tolerance in mung bean.

Dryland areas are experiencing low agricultural yields due to severe water shortages and salinity, leading to food scarcity. Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is gaining attention as a short-season crop that can tolerate dryland conditions, and fix atmospheric nitrogen, decreasing soil nutrient depletion. It is a source of high-quality protein for human consumption and can serve as a multipurpose crop, if harvest residues are used as fodder or green manure. However, little of this legume's potential has been explored. This review aims to underline the importance of mungbean as an agricultural crop by reviewing relevant literature on the potential contribution of mungbean to food security and a balanced diet as well as the effect of mungbean cultivation on farm income and gender equality. The challenges of climate change in plant production are discussed, and how progress in mungbean breeding and the application of improved cultivation techniques, such as regulated deficit irrigation, conservation agriculture, and inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria can overcome them.

Effects of organic manures on grain yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Minthar-03 were studied at (RARI) Regional Agricultural Research Institute Bahawalpur, Pakistan, during 2010-2011 seasons in chemistry division. The present study have six treatments i.e. control, NPK=150-120-60 kg/ha, control, NPK= 150-120-60 kg/acre, NPK+ poultry manure 50 kg /acre, NPK + press mud 500 kg/acre, NPK + city compost 300 kg/acre, NPK + humic acid 4 kg/acre. Combinations of NPK + PM 50 kg/ha having high plant height (102.53) while number of (343) tillers/m2 was obtained high in combination with NPK + city compost 300 kg/ha which was at par with combination (NPK + press mud 500 kg/acre) having plant height 100.90. spike length, number of grains /spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield t/ha was 13.35 cm, 61.85, 40.60 grams and 3.14 t/ha respectively obtained in treatment (NPK + press mud 500 kg/acre). While minimum amount of plant height (94.80), number of tillers/m2 (223), spike length (10.35 cm), number of grains/spike (43.43), 1000 grains weight (35.33g), grain yield t/ha (38.41) was found in control where no dose of organic and inorganic fertilizer were applied.

Mungbean can successfully be grown in the small slots present in the existing cropping systems that may increase the farmer income and can also restore soil fertility. The inoculation of crop plants with bacterial inoculants has the potential to increase crop productivity even under different soil and climatic conditions. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of multi-strain biofertilizer prepared through combined use of Rhizobium phaseoli and Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis for enhancing the growth, nodulation and productivity of ten mungbean genotypes under field conditions, and effect of inoculation on total bacterial DNA (population) in soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements and three replications. Results revealed that inoculation with multistrain biofertilizer increased the nodule numbers, growth, and yield under different mungbean genotypes when compared with their respective uninoculated control. The genotypes showed different productive potentials either with or without inoculation under field conditions. The genotype NCM 2015 yielded more but inoculation was more effective with genotypes NM 17, NM 19 and NCM-252-10 under field conditions of Bahawalpur. Results of 16S rRNA analysis showed a higher number of gene copies in the rhizosphere of inoculated plants of all mungbean genotypes than those of uninoculated plants. Maximum total bacterial population was observed in the rhizosphere of inoculated plants in NM 11 that was significantly better than un-inoculated control plants of the same mungbean line but non-significant when compared with other lines under inoculation. It is concluded that the use of multistrain biofertilizer prepared through combined use of Rhizobium and PGPR strains containing ACC-deaminase could be an effective approach to improve growth, nodulation and yield of mungbean genotypes. The response of different genotypes to the inoculation varied significantly. So, research for the development of inoculum for different advanced genotypes should be continued and more emphasis should be deployed to develop biofertilizers with efficient strains to use them under different climate and soil conditions.

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