Purpose The purpose of this study is to focus on the informal learning (IL) processes of teachers in primary and secondary schools in Spain. Its objective is to study the strategies currently used by teachers to generate IL, identifying the factors that condition such learning and the changes that must be introduced to enhance it. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is qualitative, with information from interviews with school principals (n = 21) and teachers (n = 60) from 22 primary and secondary schools in Spain and from 3 discussion groups with experts (n = 17). The topics used refer to strategies to generate and promote IL and its conditioning factors. Findings The findings suggest that, regardless of the stage (primary/secondary) and ownership of the centre (state/private), the teaching staff use IL strategies that, beyond individual actions, involve meeting, sharing and reflecting with other teachers. The challenge is that IL facilitates both professional development and the development and improvement of the organizations. School principals play a central role in achieving this relationship and promoting the institutionalization of changes and educational administration in facilitating the right conditions for their development and recognition. Research limitations/implications Given that the participation of schools in the research was voluntary, as was that of the teachers who agreed to be interviewed, some bias may exist. To refine the analyses it would also have been interesting to contrast with the people interviewed some of the assessments which appeared in the focus groups. Finally, future work might focus on analysing in greater detail the effect of different management styles on IL. Practical implications The results presented point to the need for decisive support from school leadership teams for collaborative work processes and joint reflection, which are one of the basic conditions for facilitating IL and, at the same time, for encouraging organizational learning. Furthermore, in the Spanish context, there is the challenge of combining the participation of teachers in formal training actions with the recognition of IL generated in the development of daily professional activity. Originality/value The data provided complements and reaffirms the findings of research carried out in other types of organizations, at the same time highlighting the importance of horizontal relationships among education professionals and the difficulty of creating a solid foundation for organizational changes. Improvements are, on the other hand, highly conditioned by the role adopted by school principals.
The unequal status of female teachers in higher education is a reality. However, are digital technologies another reason for their exclusion? The main aim of this study was to analyze the integration of digital technologies in teaching from a gender perspective. The research was a multiple case study applying the quantitative method. The sample comprised 527 teachers from four Spanish universities. The instrument utilized was a self-administered survey. The results confirm both types of segregation and the fact that female teachers see themselves as less digitally competent than their male counterparts; ironically, the findings also show that the former use information and communication technologies in teaching more than the latter. In conclusion, we highlight the need to study more deeply the intersection between digital breach and gender in higher education, and to take measures during the early stages of education to overcome female teachers’ tendency of underestimating their digital competence.
RESUMENPresentamos los resultados de una investigación en la que nos preguntamos por las condiciones que influyen en el éxito de la actividad investigadora de las mujeres académicas en ciencias sociales. Consideramos que las mismas investigadoras pueden ofrecernos información valiosa al respecto, y por ello entrevistamos en profundidad a una muestra de académicas de una universidad pública catalana, todas ellas líderes de grupos de investigación reconocidos por la Generalitat de Catalunya en la actualidad. Partimos de un guión de entrevista compuesto por tres categorías teóricas: condicionantes para el éxito académico de carácter individual, condicionantes de tipo grupal y condicionantes institucionales. Los resultados validan las categorías teóri-cas y contribuyen a su enriquecimiento, en tanto que apuntan la existencia de una serie de subcategorías que pueden ser estudiadas en profundidad en futuras investigaciones. Destacan los siguientes factores individuales para el éxito en la carrera académica: «el amor por el saber» de quien investiga; su procedencia sociocultural; las estancias de investigación en el extranjero; la perseverancia y tenacidad; el apoyo de la familia; el respeto a los tiempos biológicos y la relación con un mentor o mentora. De entre los factores grupales aparecen: el equilibrio entre trabajo individual y grupal; la formación fruto del intercambio entre miembros del equipo de trabajo; la participación en equipo en proyectos competitivos y un estilo de liderazgo basado en la mediación y la delegación. Finalmente, de factores institucionales surgen con fuerza: la existencia de otros grupos de investigación con los que com-2
Los procesos de innovación son claves para las organizaciones, y la formación tiene un papel destacado en ellos. No obstante, en la literatura científica es difícil encontrar las características de la formación que acompaña la innovación. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio cuyos objetivos eran: identificar las características de la formación para la innovación, analizar su eficacia, describir casos de éxito y elaborar propuestas de mejora.La metodología del estudio fue mixta. Se realizó una primera revisión bibliográfica; se aplicaron 6 entrevistas semi-estructuradas a expertos; se realizaron 400 encuestas telefónicas a responsables de formación de empresas españolas; y se administraron tres cuestionarios diferentes a lo largo del tiempo a un total de 2.754 participantes de acciones formativas.Los principales resultados de la investigación apuntan a que la innovación debe entenderse como un proceso en el que la formación juega un rol importante. La formación para la innovación tiende a ser más eficaz y tiene características propias que facilitan una transferencia mayor.
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