Introduction. Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS) is the most frequent self-limited focal epilepsy. This study aimed to assess the cognitive, behavioral, and other neuropsychological aspects of children with SeLECTS, and compare them with a control group. Subjects and methods. A case-control study was carried out between January and May 2022. Patients with SeLECTS, aged between 6 and 18 years, and followed-up at our hospital were selected for inclusion in the study. For each case, two age-matched controls were opportunistically recruited. All the participants performed the EpiTrack Junior® test, and their parents filled out the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results. Eighteen patients were included (mean age: 8.7 ± 1.7 years). At SeLECTS’ diagnosis, 83% of cases had adequate psychomotor development, and 17% had a neurodevelopmental disorder. The EpiTrack-Junior® and the Total Problems CBCL scores were not influenced by the laterality of the epileptic focus nor by the number of seizures. 61% of cases showed mild or significant impairment in the EpiTrack-Junior® test versus 44% of controls ( p = 0.712), and 39% of cases vs. 14% of controls had ‘clinically significant’ scores on the Total Problems CBCL scale ( p = 0.087). Conclusions. Although this study did not find statistically significant differences between cases and controls, it should be noted that most patients with SeLECTS had a mild or significant disability in executive functions. A considerable percentage of cases were in the pathological range regarding emotional/behavioral problems. This study highlights the importance of screening the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional problems in all patients with SeLECTS.
A literacia em saúde mental é fundamental em qualquer população e faixa etária, mas os estudos têm evidenciado que os seus níveis são globalmente baixos. Tal também se verifica nos filhos de pessoas com doença mental, um grupo de elevado risco pela exposição diária a stressores psicológicos, biológicos e sociais, os quais aumentam o risco para o desenvolvimento de perturbações mentais bem como de medos e dúvidas específicos. Apesar disso, as necessidades singulares deste grupo são muitas vezes subvalorizadas ao nível da comunidade geral, escolar, serviços especializados de saúde mental e estudos científicos, pelo que o nosso objetivo consistiu na identificação e descrição de programas de intervenção na literacia em saúde mental dirigidos a esta população através de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. A nível internacional, existem vários programas que diferem no tempo dedicado a cada um dos componentes da literacia em saúde mental, no público-alvo e no desenho do programa. Em Portugal foram identificados dois programas específicos, “Semente” e “Gente Feliz com Lágrimas”, que permitem a identificação destas famílias em risco e o aumento da literacia em saúde mental nas mesmas e nos profissionais de saúde.
Os estudos têm evidenciado que os níveis de literacia em saúde mental são baixos independentemente da população estudada. Sabemos que a adolescência é uma fase crítica de transição e de adaptação à realidade, tornando-se uma altura propensa para o surgimento de possíveis situações de sofrimento psicológico, as quais podem evoluir para perturbações mentais. No caso dos adolescentes o impacto de uma insuficiente literacia em saúde mental é preocupante dada a prevalência significativa de problemas saúde mental e as consequências potencialmente graves de um atraso na procura de ajuda ou do uso de estratégias ou recursos desajustados. Os programas de intervenção em literacia em saúde mental nos adolescentes, estudados sobretudo em contexto escolar, parecem ter resultados positivos nos níveis de literacia em saúde mental nessa faixa etária, mas existem várias limitações ao nível da avaliação e própria intervenção que inviabilizam uma comparação válida entre programas. Por outro lado, o contexto dos cuidados de saúde mental hospitalares, embora pouco reportado na literatura, pode ter um papel importante na promoção da literacia em saúde mental, como é ilustrado neste trabalho pela experiência de um Serviço de Psiquiatria da Infância e da Adolescência do norte do país.
Objectives: a) To characterize the previous substance use of institutionalized adolescents in two therapeutic communities in the north of the Portugal; b) to assess the existence and explore the relationships of internalizing/externalizing problems, strengths and difficulties, self-esteem and subjective well-being of those adolescents. Methodology: A cross-sectional study carried out in two therapeutic communities. Participants completed five questionnaires: sociodemographic questionnaire; the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST); the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES); and Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). Results: All 67 participants self-reported previous tobacco use, followed by cannabis (98.5%), alcohol (97%), stimulants (64.2%), and other substances with lower ASSIST risk scores. Inferential analysis revealed that girls had significantly better results in the Total SDQ than boys (18.7±4.75 vs. 15.1±5.52, p=0.027), which was not observed in the RSES and PWI. There were positive correlations between SDQ conduct problems and cannabis and opiods use; SDQ peers problems and sedatives and hallucinogens use; and SDQ total difficulties and cannabis. Discussion/Conclusions: Our participants self-reported substance use of greater magnitude and severity compared to those obtained in studies with students of the same age. Our results seem to suggest that substance use is associated with behavior difficulties. Several factors may be contributing toward the normative self-esteem and subjective wellbeing levels, including individual coping strategies and positive relationships of the adolescent at risk with educators. This work highlights the importance of characterizing the strengths and difficulties of this population and develop multidisciplinary support and treatment plans adjusted to their needs.
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