For mass transfer applications, CFD codes need the turbulent Schmidt number . The aim of our study is the analysis of some theoretical closure results and analytical formulations for . We will investigate different formulations of from the basic conservation equations for sediment-water mixtures in turbulent open-channel flows based on a two-fluid description and a kinetic model. The kinetic model for turbulent two-phase flows provides which depends on particle Stokes number. Our study show that the two approaches provide that depends on turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), eddy viscosity and particles settling velocity. For the analysis, accurate analytical formulations for TKE and eddy viscosity calibrated by DNS data are presented.

ObjectivesOur novel tool to standardise the evaluation of medicine acceptability was developed using observational data on medicines use measured in a paediatric population included for this purpose (0–14 years). Using this tool, any medicine may be positioned on a map and assigned to an acceptability profile. The present exploration aimed to verify its statistical reliability.MethodsPermutation test has been used to verify the significance of the relationships among measures highlighted by the acceptability map. Bootstrapping has been used to demonstrate the accuracy of the model (map, profiles and scores of acceptability) regardless of variations in the data. Lastly, simulations of enlarged data sets (×2; ×5; ×10) have been built to study the model's consistency.Key findingsPermutation test established the significance of the meaningful pattern identified in the data and summarised in the map. Bootstrapping attested the accuracy of the model: high RV coefficients (mean value: 0.930) verified the mapping stability, significant Adjusted Rand Indexes and Jaccard coefficients supported clustering validity (with either two or four profiles), and agreement between acceptability scores demonstrated scoring relevancy. Regarding enlarged data sets, these indicators reflected a very high consistency of the model.ConclusionsThese results highlighted the reliability of the model that will permit its use to standardise medicine acceptability assessments.

Following the analysis of the different values obtained during the experimentation, there seems to be a correlation between the aw and the selected parameters aforementioned. An application of this relationship could be to define the aw of cosmetic products by using the formula, thus avoiding the evaluation of this parameter with a measuring device.

The lexicon developed in this study can be used for assessment of other powders but also to define the quantities necessary to put in the formulation to meet the sensory characteristics of these raw materials powder.

Following the analysis of the different concentration, a correlation between glycerine and ethanol that directly influence microbiological protection of cosmetics products has been established. Indeed, by controlling ethanol, pH and glycerine, many products may be exempted from the CT.