An important preventive measure for providing a bacteria-free environment for the patients is the introduction of highly efficient and durable antibacterial textiles in hospitals. This work describes a single step sono-enzymatic process for coating of cotton medical textiles with antibacterial ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and gallic acid (GA) to produce biocompatible fabrics with durable antibacterial properties. Cellulose substrates, however, need pre-activation to achieve sufficient stability of the NPs on their surface. Herein, this drawback is overcome by the simultaneous sonochemical deposition of ZnO NPs and the synthesis of a bio-based adhesive generated by the enzymatic cross-linking of GA in which the NPs were embedded. GA possesses the multiple functions of an antibacterial agent, a building block of the cross-linked phenolic network, and as a compound providing the safe contact of the coated materials with human skin. The ZnO NPs-GA coated fabrics maintained above 60% antibacterial efficacy even after 60 washing cycles at 75 °C hospital laundry regime.
Resumen: En el presente trabajo se pretende realizar un análisis jurídico de la medida de seguridad de libertad vigilada prevista en el derecho penal español. Desde su aprobación a través de la LO 5/2010 han transcurrido ya más de cinco años y su regulación ha sufrido ya una modificación. Este lapso de tiempo permite recoger las manifestaciones que la doctrina ha vertido sobre la regulación positiva de la medida así como aportar propuestas sobre algunos de los principales escollos que presenta la misma. Al mismo tiempo, es posible contrastar como los tribunales españoles están aplicando la libertad vigilada lo que, a su vez, permite poner de relieve los principales problemas interpretativos que parece que se están encontrando los operadores jurídicos a la hora de aplicar la regulación de la libertad vigilada.Palabras clave: medidas de seguridad; libertad vigilada; delincuentes imputables peligrosos; aplicación por parte de las audiencias provinciales.
Abstract:In the present work I try to carry out a legal analysis of the security measure of supervised release under the Spanish criminal law. Since its approval by the LO 5/2010 it have passed more than five years and its regulation has undergone one change. This time period permits us to pick up the opinions of the specialist doctrine about the measure and make proposals on some of the major pitfalls of it. At the same time, it is possible to contrast how the Spanish courts are applying the supervised realease which, in turn, allows us to highlight the major interpretive issues that legal operators are finding when they have to apply it.
Después de casi una década desde la introducción en el Código penal español de la medida de seguridad libertad vigilada solo es posible plantear si quiera más dudas sobre su regulación, imposición y sobre todo su ejecución de los que en su día surgieron por parte de la doctrina especializada. En el presente trabajo se pretende se expondrá brevemente cual es el estado de la cuestión de la realidad práctica de la libertad vigilada en España para luego pasar al análisis de la regulación de instituciones jurídicas de naturaleza similar en el Derecho anglosajón con el objetivo de comprender cómo allí se está planteando su ejecución y sobre todo cómo es regulada. El objetivo final no es otro que buscar en el Derecho comparado posibles soluciones a la falta de regulación de la ejecución de la libertad vigilada regulada en el art. 106 del Código penal español.
Almost a decade after the introduction the supervised release in the Spanish Criminal Code, it is only possible to raise even more doubts about its regulation, imposition and above all its execution. This paper will briefly explain the state of the question of the practical reality of supervised release in Spain and then analyse the regulation of similar legal institutions in Anglo-Saxon law in order to understand how it is regulated and above all executed. The final objective is none other than to seek in comparative law possible solutions to the lack of regulation of the Spanish supervised release’s execution.
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