IMPORTANCE Amblyopia is the most common cause of visual impairment in childhood, with a prevalence of 1% to 4% in children in the United States. To date, no studies using noninvasive optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) have measured blood flow in the retinal capillary layers in children with amblyopia.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the retinal and microvascular features using OCTA in children (<18 years) with amblyopia.

We report data for pediatric OCTA parameters in healthy subjects. Several variables influence the density of macular microvascular networks, and these factors should be considered in the OCTA study of pediatric eye disorders.

Foveal morphology and vasculature changes in preterm children were associated with impaired visual function. Further longitudinal studies are required to evaluate these changes over time.

Purpose:To review the literature on tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome, and to report a case of a patient with relapsing polychondritis (RP) and TINU syndrome. Method: TINU syndrome is a rare oculo-renal inflammatory disorder. It is more common in young women with autoimmune conditions, infections, systemic disease, and previous use of medications. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman with relapsing polychondritis and a 2-year history of acute, recurrent, asymmetric, bilateral, anterior, nongranulomatous uveitis accompanied by tubulointerstital nephritis. The patient was diagnosed with TINU syndrome associated with relapsing polychondritis. No cases of this association have been reported in the literature. The clinical features of TINU syndrome are discussed based on the published works. Conclusion: TINU is an uncommon syndrome; only about 200 cases have been reported in the literature related to infections, systemic disease, and previous use of medications such as antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We found that it can be associated with relapsing polychondritis; therefore, it is important to investigate symptoms of this disease since TINU syndrome can co-exist with it.