ResumoEsse trabalho aponta resultados referentes à avaliação dos resíduos sólidos urbanos em uma zona de coleta seletiva piloto na área central do município de Frederico Westphalen -RS, a partir de amostragens efetuadas no período de outubro a novembro de 2017. O estudo quantitativo foi realizado com base na pesagem dos caminhões coletores antes e depois da descarga dos resíduos para triagem no Consórcio Intermunicipal de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos. A análise qualitativa foi realizada segundo o processo de quarteamento com base no plano de amostragem de resíduos sólidos regido pela norma NBR 10.007/04. As pesagens foram realizadas em dias distintos, considerando as quartas-feiras (dia da coleta de material orgânico) e sábados (dia de coleta dos resíduos secos), totalizando quatro pesagens. As análises de caracterização resultaram em valores de material inorgânico aproximados a 44,35 %, sendo estes resíduos com alto potencial reciclável, e 55,65 % de rejeitos. Na pesagem da quantidade de resíduos orgânicos, quantificou-se um valor médio de 3.810,00 kg. Paralelamente a essas análises, realizou-se o levantamento da distribuição e qualidade das 510 coletoras existentes na zona de coleta seletiva. Em virtude dos dados mencionados, é necessária a padronização das coletoras e um estudo volumétrico dos resíduos produzidos para que exista o total atendimento da demanda sobre a sua disposição em via pública. Em relação ao plano de amostragem dos resíduos, o período de adaptação à coleta seletiva na área proposta ainda é recente, sendo que os resíduos são levados misturados à unidade de triagem, dificultando a real aplicação da NBR 10.007/04. Concomitante às próximas atividades, o processo de educação ambiental no município deve ser contínuo. Palavras-chave: Amostragem; Análise quali-quantitativa; Rejeito; Triagem.
AbstractThis study shows results concerning the evaluation of solid urban waste in a pilot selective collection zone in the central area of the municipality of Frederico Westphalen -RS, from samplings carried out from October to November 2017. The quantitative study was carried out based on the weighing of collection trucks before and after the waste is discharged for sorting in the Intermunicipal Consortium of Solid Waste Management. The qualitative analysis was performed according to the quarrying process based on the sampling plan of solid residues governed by NBR 10.007/04. The weighing was performed on different days, considering Wednesdays (day of organic material collection) and Saturdays (day of dry waste collection), completing four weighing. The compilation of the waste characterization led to values of inorganic material of approximately 44.35 %, being these residues with high recyclable potential, and 55.65% of tailings. At weighing the amount of organic waste, an average value of 3,810 kg was quantified. In parallel to these analyses, a survey was made based on the distribution and quality of the 510 collectors in the selective collection zone. Due to the mentioned data, it is necessary the standardi...
This study evaluated clogging effects on head loss and water quality in sand prefiltration columns, followed by innovative double-layered slow-filter filtration technology using anthracite coal and sand. The study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 (filtration rate 11 m 3 /m 2 Ád) had a layout of a pre-filter (PF) system followed by a slow filter (SF). In Phase 2 (filtration rates of 5.5 and 11 m 3 /m 2 Ád), two PF systems (PF1 and PF2) followed by SFs (SF1 and SF2) were monitored, be differed only by filtration rate. Phase 1 presents a mean turbidity removal of 45.6% in PF and 23.9% in SF. PF presented a lower head loss in the superficial layers of the filter media, whereas SF presented a more important contribution in the deeper layers of the bed. In Phase 2, the mean results obtained for turbidity removal in PF1 and SF1 were 84.7% and 22.4%, in that order. PF2 and SF2 promoted mean reductions of 84.5% and 22.0%, respectively. Greater clogging is observed in the PF's surface layers, whereas the SFs dissipate greater clogging with depth. Filtration rates and water quality were similar in filter media of different compositions.
Practitioner Points• Double-layer filters show better use of the porous media in depth.• Different materials produce different forms of clogging. • Higher filtration rates increase the number of pre-filter and slow filter runs.
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