Measures of success for any grouting program should include superior technical performance and cost effectiveness. These can be achieved by designing grouts with properties that are specifically tailored to the application. This requires a fundamental understanding of the fluid and set performance characteristics needed for a specific application. For high mobility cement based grouts (HMG), these properties include bleed, segregation, resistance to pressure filtration, control of particle agglomeration, anti-washout characteristics, rheology, evolution of cohesion with time, set time, matrix porosity, ultimate strength, resistance to chemical attack, and durability. A description of how each property is quantified, evaluated and optimized is provided, and related to appropriate standards. A three-step process for the design and quality control of an HMG project is outlined. The first step is a laboratory-scale testing program to determine basic formulations, optimized for performance characteristics and cost. The second step is full-scale trial batching performed on site with the materials and equipment that will be used on the project. The third step is quality control testing during production grouting to ensure that the grouts being used are being batched correctly and will perform appropriately in situ. A digest of mix HMG designs used on recent projects is provided for illustration and reference.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The York Durham Sewage System (YDSS) Interceptor Sewer construction spanned a total length of 5.5 km, which included a 1.4 km stretch of open cut construction and tunnelled stretch of 4.1 km, with four access shafts. Two of the tunnel access shafts were located in an environmentally sensitive area with water bearing cohesionless soils and considered as a potential geotechnical hazard for tunnel break-ins/break-outs. A combination of slurry wall and jet grouting was used to stabilize the ground and control groundwater flow at shafts #2 and #3, during break-in/break-out of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). This paper presents a case study, addressing the application of double fluid jet grouting technique to mitigate a significant geotechnical hazard at shafts #2 and #3 for the YDSS Interceptor Sewer Project.