The aim of this study was to model the drying kinetics of microwave and fluidised bed of parchment coffee bean (Coffea arabica L.) using a semi-theoretical approach. A completely randomized design with six treatments: three with microwave drying (MD) and the rest combined with fluidized bed drying (MFBD) was carried out. The drying curves were established until reaching a final moisture content between 10 to 12% w.b. The results indicated that the drying time decreased as the microwave power level increased. When MFBD was used, drying times increased approximately 4-fold compared to MD treatments. The values of effective diffusivity for coffee beans treated with MD and MFBD ranged from 0.913 to1.72×10-9 m2.s-1 and 0.23 to 0.42×10-9 m2.s-1, respectively. Although all the models presented high goodness of fit, the two-term model presented the highest R2 (0.9855 – 0.9978) and lowest RMSE (0.0128-0.0285). In general, all models adequately fitted the experimental data so they can be used to predict the drying kinetics, therefore they could be very useful in equipment design and optimization of the coffee drying process.
This work presents the fluidized bed drying process combined with microwaves applied to Parchment coffee. In order to study different parameters that affect the quality of the grains, a mathematical model that describes energy and mass transfer during the drying process is presented and solved using Finite Elements Method (FEM) through COMSOL Multiphysics software. The model also considered the shrinkage of the grains due to water removal. Experiments were carried out in experimental prototype equipment obtaining the drying curves, which were utilized to validate the mathematical model. To study the impact of the operating conditions on the quality of the processed coffee, total polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, respectively. Finally, nutritional parameters were related to operating conditions by the polynomial regression and desirability function methodology. Optimal operating conditions (1.4 m/s and 500 W) were found, which provides a product of excellent final quality.
Con el propósito de incrementar la viabilidad de los probióticos durante su almacenamiento, inclusión en el alimento de los peces y extrusión, así como en el paso por el tracto gastrointestinal, se hace necesario el uso de técnicas para la protección de los probióticos en estos ambientes. Dentro de estas técnicas se encuentra la encapsulación. Varios estudios se han enfocado en la utilización de probióticos en la alimentación de tilapia, siendo las más comunes las especies de los géneros Bacillus y Lactobacillus. No obstante, los reportes de encapsulación de probióticos para tilapia son escasos. A partir de lo anterior, se espera que este libro contribuya en el ámbito académico, científico, industrial, económico, social y ambiental. En lo académico y científico, ya que con la información presentada se pueden generar ideas que conduzcan a la estructuración de proyectos de investigación que den como resultado la generación de nuevo conocimiento, junto con su apropiación y circulación. De este modo, podrá ser utilizado tanto en la acuicultura, especialmente en el cultivo de tilapia y peces continentales, como también en el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones con peces marinos, todo con el objetivo de mejorar la productividad, lo que podría generar mayores ingresos a los empresarios, oportunidades de empleo y bienestar social. Adicionalmente, al ser consecuentes con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, gracias a la reducción en el uso de antibióticos, se tendrá menor impacto ambiental.
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