Nowadays, polymeric materials are widely used in the development of food packages. However, as food products with a greater safety and longer durability are required, packaging research area has been focused on the production of functional materials able to reach such further protection. The incorporation of natural and synthetics active compounds into the polymeric materials by traditional techniques has been the main used strategy, surging thus the research area of active food packaging. Furthermore, the latest science advances provide promising technologies for developing packaging materials, such as the electrospinning. This technique has allowed obtaining ultrathin electrospun mats based on micro- and/or nanofibers that have been proposed as novel active materials able to be applied as wrapper films, sachets and bags during the food packaging. In this chapter, the description of electrospinning, the effect of their principal parameters during the development of active food packaging materials as well as their current applications on different foodstuffs are presented.
La molienda es una operación unitaria ampliamente utilizada en la industria alimentaria para transformar granos, vegetales y carnes, a productos con tamaño pequeño. En este sentido, en el presente trabajo se diseñó y construyó un molino de martillos a pequeña escala con el objetivo de reducir el tamaño de zanahoria deshidratada y así, obtener un alimento con valor agregado. Los parámetros del molino como fuerza, torque y potencia se determinaron mediante cálculos teóricos, mientras que los parámetros operacionales como coeficiente de molienda y rendimiento se determinaron mediante el proceso de molienda y tamizado de la zanahoria. La fuerza necesaria del equipo para moler la zanahoria fue 5820 kg*m/s2, mientras que el torque y potencia requerida por el motor para generar los cortes a través de los martillos fueron 34,92 kg*m2/s2 y 989,28 kg*m2/s3, respectivamente. Un rendimiento del 90 % y un coeficiente de molienda de 10 permitió reducir el diámetro de la zanahoria desde 5 cm hasta 0,5 cm. Estos resultados demuestran que el equipo diseñado y construido en este trabajo permite reducir el tamaño de zanahoria deshidratada, proceso que da valor agregado al alimento y que se podría consumir como un snack natural.
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