The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 modes of aerobic exercise (continuous or intermittent) on maximum strength (1 repetition maximum, 1RM) and strength endurance (maximum repetitions at 80% of 1RM) for lower- and upper-body exercises to test the acute hypothesis in concurrent training (CT) interference. Eight physically active men (age: 26.9 +/- 4.2 years; body mass: 82.1 +/- 7.5 kg; height: 178.9 +/- 6.0 cm) were submitted to: (a) a graded exercise test to determine V(.-)O2max (39.26 +/- 6.95 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and anaerobic threshold velocity (3.5 mmol x L(-1)) (9.3 +/- 1.27 km x h(-1)); (b) strength tests in a rested state (control); and (c) 4 experimental sessions, at least 7 days apart. The experimental sessions consisted of a 5-kilometer run on a treadmill continuously (90% of the anaerobic threshold velocity) or intermittently (1:1 minute at V(.-)O2max). Ten minutes after the aerobic exercise, either a maximum strength or a strength endurance test was performed (leg press and bench press exercises). The order of aerobic and strength exercises followed a William's square distribution to avoid carryover effects. Results showed that only the intermittent aerobic exercise produced an acute interference effect on leg strength endurance, decreasing significantly (p < 0.05) the number of repetitions from 10.8 +/- 2.5 to 8.1 +/- 2.2. Maximum strength was not affected by the aerobic exercise mode. In conclusion, the acute interference hypothesis in concurrent training seems to occur when both aerobic and strength exercises produce significant peripheral fatigue in the same muscle group.
The purpose of our study was to compare the effects of 8-week progressive strength and power training regimens on strength gains and muscle plasticity [muscle fiber hypertrophy and phenotype shift, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (RAPTOR), rapamycin-insensitive companion of m-TOR (RICTOR), calcineurin and calcipressin gene expression]. Twenty-nine physically active subjects were divided into three groups: strength training (ST), power training (PT) and control (C). Squat 1 RM and muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the training period. Strength increased similarly for both ST and PT groups (P<0.001). Fiber types I, IIa and IIb presented hypertrophy main time effect (P<0.05). Only type IIb percentage decreased from pre- to post-test (main time effect, P<0.05). mTOR and RICTOR mRNA expression increased similarly from pre- to post-test (P<0.01). RAPTOR increased after training for both groups (P<0.0001), but to a greater extent in the ST (P<0.001) than in the PT group. 4EBP-1 decreased after training when the ST and PT groups were pooled (P<0.05). Calcineurin levels did not change after training, while calcipressin increased similarly from pre- to post-test (P<0.01). In conclusion, our data indicate that these training regimens produce similar performance improvements; however, there was a trend toward greater hypertrophy-related gene expression and muscle fiber hypertrophy in the ST group.
RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, em judocas masculinos das classes Juvenil-A (15 a 17 anos de idade; n = 6), Júnior (18 a 20 anos de idade; n = 5) e Sênior (acima de 21 anos de idade; n = 4), a relação entre variáveis fisiológicas e metabólicas em testes laboratoriais e em situação de luta e compará-las. Para isso foram realizados testes em três situações distintas: teste em esteira rolante (TE); teste em cicloergômetro para membros superiores (TCMS); situação de luta (SL). A partir destes testes foi verificado se havia diferença entre os três grupos quanto à: velocidade de limiar anaeróbio (VLAn); freqüência cardíaca correspondente à VLAn; pico do consumo de oxigênio, pico da concentração de lactato sangüíneo c pico da freqüência cardíaca durante TCMS; concentração de lactato sangüíneo e percepção subjetiva do esforço (escala de Borg, 1982) após cada uma das lutas. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: a) correlação negativa significante entre a VLAn e o pico da concentração de lactato após cada uma das lutas; b) correlação significante entre a percepção do esforço e o pico da concentração de lactato após a luta 1 (r = 0,8073; p < 0,001); c) a classe Sênior (10,2 ± 2,7 mM) apresentou maiores valores da concentração de lactato sangüíneo após o TCMS quando comparada à classe Juvenil-A (6,7 ± 1 ,1 mM); d) os judocas da classe Júnior (17 ± 1) terminaram a terceira luta com maior grau de fadiga, segundo a escala de Borg (1982), do que a classe Juvenil-A (13 ± 2); e) não houve diferenças significantes quanto à VLAn, VO: pico no TCMS, lactato após SL, indicando que, ao menos fisiologicamente, as classes são bastante semelhantes. UNITERMOS INTRODUÇÃOA participação com sucesso em respeito ao metabolismo energético, o atleta de torneios de judô depende de elevado nível técnico-judô necessita ter um bom sistema glicolítico de tático, tendo como suporte resistência aeróbia, produção de energia e resistência acróbia potência e capacidade anaeróbia, força e adequada para sustentar um bom desempenho flexibilidade (Little, 1991). Portanto, no que diz durante os cinco minutos de luta (Thomas, Cox,
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