Objective: A large number of psychosocial interventions in dementia are based on music activities and music therapy interventions. We aim at assessing the efficacy of music therapy in the neuropsychiatric symptoms of people with dementia. Methods: This systematic review is according to the methodology suggested by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We searched for articles in PubMed, Web of Knowledge Cross Search, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Lilacs/Bireme databases published from 2005 to 2016. The search keywords included "early onset" and "late onset" combined with "dementia", "Alzheimer", "vascular dementia", "mixed dementia", "frontotemporal dementia", "neuropsychiatric symptoms", "behavioral disturbances", "behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia" and "music therapy". The studies were categorized according to its efficacy on the decline of neuropsychiatric symptoms and improvement of cognitive function, quality of life and well-being. Results: We selected 12 out of 257 papers. Music therapy interventions were applied individually or in group setting, using active or receptive technique. In general, studies indicated the efficacy of music therapy on the decline of depression, agitation and anxiety. There were heterogeneity of interventions, methodological design and instruments of evaluation among the studies. Conclusions: Although there are reports of the efficacy of music therapy on the decline of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia, the area still needs randomized studies aimed at the solution of important methodological problems like the lack of standardized approaches. RESUMOObjetivo: Muitas intervenções psicossociais na demência estão baseadas em atividades musicais e intervenções de musicoterapia. Nosso objetivo consiste em avaliar a eficácia das intervenções de musicoterapia nos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos de pessoas com demência. Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática está de acordo com a metodologia sugerida pela Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Foi realizada busca por artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Knowledge Cross Search, Cochrane Library, Scopus e Lilacs/Bireme publicados de 2005 a 2016. As palavras-chave incluíram descritores como "iní-cio precoce" e "início tardio" combinados com "demência", "Alzheimer", "demência vascular", "demência mista", "demência frontotemporal", "sintomas neuropsiquiátricos", "distúrbios com- KeywordsMusic therapy, dementia, neuropsychiatric symptoms. Efficacy of music therapy in dementia portamentais", "sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos da demência", "musicoterapia". Os estudos foram categorizados segundo sua eficácia na redução dos sintomas neuropsiquiá-tricos e na melhora da função cognitiva, qualidade de vida e bem-estar. Resultados: Foram selecionados 12 dos 257 artigos encontrados. As intervenções de musicoterapia foram aplicadas individualmente ou em grupo, utilizando técnica ativa ou receptiva. Em geral, os estudos indicaram a eficácia da musicoterapia na dimin...