No abstract

The meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine strategy implemented in Brazil proved highly effective and had a strong direct impact on the target population. However, case fatality rates of meningococcal disease remain high with a wide gap in the risk of disease between poor and affluent areas, pointing to the need to reexamine the current strategy on a regular base.

Este trabalho trata-se de estudo descritivo, cujo objetivo foi descrever o perfil de mortalidade pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) no Brasil e regiões, com base nos dados disponíveis no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Constituíram a população de estudo os óbitos pelo VHB registrados no SIM durante o período de 1º de janeiro de 2000 a 31 de dezembro de 2009. A taxa bruta de mortalidade no país permaneceu constante; a proporção de óbitos por hepatocarcinoma com VHB como causa associada não ultrapassou 7%. A taxa de mortalidade padronizada foi maior na Região Norte, e a mortalidade proporcional foi maior no sexo masculino. Em 2009, os anos potenciais de vida perdidos (APVP) no sexo masculino foram maiores no grupo etário de 50 a 59 anos; no sexo feminino, no grupo de 40 a 49 anos. O maior aumento da taxa de APVP ocorreu no sexo masculino (60 a 69 anos). Esta pesquisa reforça a importância de se aumentarem as medidas de prevenção contra a hepatite B, além de se ampliar o acesso ao diagnóstico precoce para que haja a redução da mortalidade nas próximas décadas.

OBJECTIVETo describe adverse events following vaccination (AEFV) of children under two years old and analyze trend of this events from 2000 to 2013, in the city of Araraquara (SP), Brazil.METHODSThis is a descriptive study conducted with data of the passive surveillance system of AEFV that is available in the electronic immunization registry (EIR) of the computerized medical record of the municipal health service (Juarez System). The study variables were: age, gender, vaccine, dose, clinical manifestations and hospitalization. We estimated rates using AEFV as numerator and administered doses of vaccines as denominator. The surveillance sensitivity was estimated by applying the method proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We used Prais-Winsten regression with a significance level of 5.0%.RESULTSThe average annual rate of AEFV was 11.3/10,000 administered doses, however without a trend in the study period (p=0.491). Most cases occurred after the first dose (41.7%) and among children under one year of age (72.6%). Vaccines with pertussis component, yellow fever and measles-mumps-rubella were the most reactogenic. We highlighted the rates of hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes and convulsion that were 4.1/10,000 and 1.5/10,000 doses of vaccines with pertussis component, respectively, most frequently in the first dose; 60,0% of cases presented symptoms in the first 24 hours after vaccination, however, 18.6% showed after 96 hours. The sensitivity of surveillance was 71.9% and 78.9% for hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes and convulsion, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe EIR-based AEFV surveillance system proved to be useful and highly sensitive to describe the safety profile of vaccines in a medium-sized city. It was also shown that the significant increase of the vaccines included in the basic vaccination schedule in childhood in the last decade did not alter the high safety standard of the National Immunization Program.