Factors associated with incomplete or delayed vaccination across countries: A systematic review

Factors associated with delayed infant immunization in a nationally representative cohort study

“…High-income countries achieve very good coverage for up-to-date immunization assessed at key ages, such as 12 and 24 months (de Cantuária Tauil, Sato, & Waldman, 2016). However, these figures mask delays in the administration of vaccines at appropriate ages (Dombkowski, Lantz, & Freed, 2004).…”

“…Research in high-income countries has shown that incomplete immunization is attributable to both socio-economic disadvantage, which can create barriers to accessing immunization and to parental concerns about the validity of vaccines (Bond, Nolan, & Lester, 1999;de Cantuária Tauil et al, 2016;Dubé, Vivion, & MacDonald, 2015;Haynes & Stone, 2004). However, in this literature, immunization completeness is typically assessed at milestone ages, such as 12 or 24 months, several months after the vaccinations were actually due (Clark & Sanderson, 2009;Kurosky et al, 2016).…”

“…A recent review (de Cantuária Tauil et al, 2016) did distinguish between factors associated with both incomplete and delayed immunization. Of studies that examined immunization timeliness, only four were from high-income countries: three from the United States (Cotter et al, 2003;Luman et al, 2005;Williams, Milton, Farrell, & Graham, 1995) and one from Belgium (Theeten et al, 2007).…”

Cobertura de vacunación y proporción de esquema incompleto en niños menores de siete años en México

“…Lo anterior indica que debe fortalecerse tanto el seguimiento del esquema como la universalidad del PVU, para alcanzar todos los estratos sociales, respetando sus tradiciones y cultura. 20 Como fortaleza del PVU, puede mencionarse que sólo se encontraron niños sin vacunar en el grupo de seis años de edad.…”

Lessons From the Polio Endgame: Overcoming the Failure to Vaccinate and the Role of Subpopulations in Maintaining Transmission

“…As we approach WPV eradication and manage OPV cessation, the vaccination of subpopulations emerges as critical for success. Undervaccinated subpopulations can sustain transmission and pose challenges because of a confluence of factors [11,12] related to political circumstances (including poor program performance, low vaccination coverage, poor surveillance, and/ or poor data quality), conditions that favor intense fecal-oral poliovirus transmission and correlate with low socioeconomic status (including poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, high birth rates and crowding, poor nutrition, poverty, and high exposure to pathogens that interfere with vaccine response), and/or limited access (including immigrants, displaced populations, and populations in violent, insecure, or remote areas) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, other subpopulations also emerge as important, including those in countries with sufficient access to vaccine who refuse immunization [22][23][24][25][26].…”