Este artigo apresenta a validação de conteúdo de itens de uma escala que pretende avaliar e mensurar a OEI voltada para o empreendedorismo social-OEI-Social. Parte-se da proposição que o empreendedorismo social estabelece uma ligação direta com valores sociais que influenciam a proatividade, a inovação e a tomada de risco para empreender em negócios sociais. Assim, requer um instrumento específico para sua avaliação, construído pela abordagem integrativa das teorias que tratam o afetivo e o cognitivo no comportamento empreendedor. O estudo exploratório segue a metodologia proposta por Churchill (1979), DeVellis (2003) e Johnson & Morgan (2016). Participaram dessa validação, 24 doutores em Empreendedorismo que avaliaram 24 itens construídos a partir da literatura. Dezoito foram validados em três dimensões: Proatividade Social, Inovação Social e Tomada de Risco Social em apenas uma rodada. Propõe ainda uma quarta dimensão ao instrumento: Mudança Social, que representa o comportamento pró-social dos empreendedores.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a model that aims to explain individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) focused on the context of social entrepreneurship (SE) (Social-IEO) by considering the personal values and attitude toward social change through direct and indirect effects. To achieve this purpose, the authors created and validated a scale to measure Social-IEO. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses scale construction techniques (DeVellis, 2016) and survey method for data collection. As such, this study was conducted by considering a sample of 198 social entrepreneurs. Multivariate data analysis and structural equation modeling are used to validate the theoretical model. Findings The Social-IEO scale was validated and shows to adequately encompass and measure the construct. The proposed model has predictive relevance and explains 45% of Social-IEO. Findings suggest that self-transcendence value has no direct effect on Social-IEO. Additionally, conservation and self-promotion values do not have a negative correlation with Social-IEO. Finally, attitude of social change has a strong explanatory power to Social-IEO. The findings offer important theoretical and practical implications for the field of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial behavior. Originality/value The definition of a specific concept of IEO applied to the context of SE contributes to the correct understanding of its dimensions, measurement and management. This eliminates a gap in studies and contributes to expand and strengthen research. It also provides an original empirical approach, as the method used to measure IEO in a reflective way is unusual in previous studies.
Purpose This paper aims to understand resilience in entrepreneurial behavior and the major adversities faced by women entrepreneurs and identify theoretical and empirical bases that support the use of the integrative approach as appropriate to studies of resilience in women entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach In this exploratory-theoretical study, the authors adopted a narrative review of the literature on Female Entrepreneurship, Business and Resilience. The databases researched were: Web of Science, Social Citation Index and Scopus, of which 52 were submitted to analysis through techniques of comparison and contrast between theory, classical studies and applied research. Findings The study illuminates the concept of resilience aligned with entrepreneurship and the major adversities of female entrepreneurship. It also indicates the competence of the integrative approach in investigating and analyzing resilience as a complex, functional and emotional phenomenon between women entrepreneurs and their business environment. Research limitations/implications This study indicates that the integrative approach can offer an explanatory device about the relationships between affectivity and cognition in the resilient behavior of women when encountering difficulties in the entrepreneurial process. It also indicates paths for future research that can empirically prove the degree of these constructs in the resilient behavior of women entrepreneurs, having the difficulties related to the gender stereotype as a point of interest. Practical implications The contribution to the managerial field is to alert women entrepreneurs about the need to understand the role of affectivity and cognition in facing adversity to strengthen their resilient behavior. Social implications The contribution to the managerial field is to alert women entrepreneurs about the need to understand the role of affectivity and cognition in facing adversity to strengthen their resilient behavior. Originality/value This study provides original evidence that cognitive and affective aspects influence women’s entrepreneurial behavior with the same degree of importance. Therefore, they must be investigated jointly. This discovery brings relevance to theoretical and empirical studies on this topic.
RESUMO Objetivo: esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar o comportamento empreendedor a partir dos componentes do capital psicológico e da teoria social cognitiva, na perspectiva da agência humana. Métodos: foi empregada a pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas em profundidade, com 21 empreendedores de diferentes perfis. As falas foram interpretadas pela análise de conteúdo e confrontadas com as teorias. Resultados: os resultados evidenciam que as ações desenvolvidas pelos entrevistados no decorrer da criação e desenvolvimento do negócio estão alinhadas às características empreendedoras conforme a literatura, sem distinção de gênero, idade ou tempo de atuação. Esses indivíduos expressam suas crenças em comportamentos de autoeficácia, otimismo, esperança, resiliência, intencionalidade, antecipação, autorreatividade e autorreflexão como mecanismos de enfrentamento de desafios e aproveitamento de oportunidades. Conclusões: esses achados indicam que as forças psicológicas atuam como elementos fundamentais e de extrema importância para o sucesso do empreendedor, tendo que ser compreendidas no âmbito teórico e gerencial como um elemento de relevância às pesquisas.
O comportamento ctico que os consumidores apresentam frente s promessas organizacionais a principal justificativa dos estudos internacionais de Marketing sobre a Autenticidade. H uma saturao de mensagens com o mesmo contedo de narrativas e isto produziu uma audincia descrente. Neste cenrio de desconfiana, a percepo da autenticidade apresenta-se como vantagem competitiva para as marcas. Apesar da relevncia do assunto, as pesquisas so desenvolvidas a partir de uma variedade de denotaes que so implementadas ao termo, sem, contudo, definir um conceito claro para seu uso e gerenciamento. Este trabalho assume o propsito de compreender o construto de Autenticidade a partir da Filosofia, Cincias Sociais e Teorias da Comunicao e de definir um conceito teoricamente slido e potencialmente gerencivel para as marcas. Como resultado, tem-se um conceito multidimensional que fornece drivers para a correta gesto da comunicao e avaliao da percepo de marca autntica.
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