In patients with a history of dentoalveolar injury and/or apical periodontitis, the NC should be evaluated on available CBCT images. Any inflammatory processes in the neighboring teeth should be recognized and eliminated as they may initiate bulging of the NC and/or the formation of a nasopalatine duct cyst (NPDC). NC with bulging signs should be monitored clinically and radiographically to diagnose a NPDC in an early stage.

The purpose of this study was to assess the alveolar defect volume in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) subjects using computed tomography (CT) and a free software program to evaluate the intra-and interrater measurements, and to compare the cleft volume between age and affected side. The sample of this retrospective study consisted of 20 UCLP individuals, 12 boys and 8 girls, mean age 10.3 ± 2.4 years at the beginning of orthodontic treatment. All subjects required alveolar bone grafting. CT scans of the cleft area were obtained prior to secondary bone grafting, and were analyzed using Image J. software program. The cleft volume was calculated based on axial crosssectional CT images by two raters (orthodontist and radiologist) and by the same rater (orthodontist) at two different moments. Linear mixed model, Bland-Altman, Pearson's and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used. The mean cleft volume was 7.53 ± 1.55 mm³. The intra-and inter-rater measurements were reproducible (ICC = 0.976 and 0.963, respectively) with no significant difference between them. There were no statistically significant differences in the cleft volume related to age or cleft location. The assessment of cleft volume in UCLP using CT images and a free software program was a reproducible method. There was no significant relation between alveolar defect volume and age or cleft location.

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Therefore, ultrasound could be used as a supplemental sign to differential diagnose.Surgical excision is considered to be the best approach for the primary treatment of lymphangiomas, but the postsurgical recurrence rate of CLC is high. 1 Hence, a precise determination of lesion margin would be helpful to define an appropriate safety margin for surgery. 11 Ultrasound has been confirmed to have excellent correlation with the histologic thickness of malignant cutaneous tumors 12 and the present case suggests the same for CLC. The lesion showed hyperechoic characteristics combined with high vascularity and low-speed blood flow. Thanks to the precise evaluation of lesion margin by preoperative ultrasound, including color Doppler and pulse wave Doppler, repeated pre-and intraoperative biopsies were minimized. It could also prevent recurrences.It is well known that craniofacial area is one of the most common sites of CLC. 13 At this area, the skin and subcutaneous tissue are both thin and vulnerable to stretch. So, skin tension of this area would be much more enlarged after the surgery. 14 Too much tension after surgery maybe influence local sensation and functions of nearby sensory organs such as mouth and eyes. To avoid that, we use ultrasound for precise presurgical assessment to minimize the resection area. We think this is also the value of ultrasound assessment for craniofacial CLC preoperational.In conclusion, ultrasound (especially color Doppler and pulse wave Doppler ultrasound) is a versatile non-invasive tool that can help the in diagnosis of CLC. It could help determine the exact depth of the lesion and may help prevent recurrences, but this will have to be determined in future studies.

The aims of this study were to map the main locations of Canalis sinuosus (CS), to (i) identify accessory foramina in the hard palate region, (ii) indicate the prevalence, and (iii) view them when using CBCT images. A sample of 230 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations was obtained. The CBCT images that were generated by a multiplanar reconstruction of the axial and/or coronal planes were evaluated by On Demand 3D™ Dental software. The prevalence of Canalis sinuosus was 224 (97.4%). The examinations had at least one accessory foramen in the maxilla, with corticalization present in 189 (82.1%) for all of those evaluated. The presence of the one accessory foramen was in the anterior palate in 174 (75.65%), on both sides. The highest number was present in 149 examinations (64.8%) on the right side. The bilateral presence of this structure occurred in almost half of the examinations. The most common CS was Classification 3, near to the upper lateral incisor region, for both sides. It was clear that when planning for surgical interventions in the anterior maxilla, the study, and the identification of CS, as well as its ramifications and morphological variations, should be carefully studied and evaluated individually for each patient.