Lung cancer (LC) is a serious public health problem responsible for the majority of cancer deaths and comorbidities in developed countries. Tobacco smoking is considered the main risk factor for LC; however, only a few smokers will be affected by this cancer. Current screening methods are focused on identifying the early stages of this malignancy. Thus, new data concerning the roles of microRNA alterations in inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lung disease have increased hope about LC pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. MicroRNA mechanisms include angiogenesis promotion, cell cycle regulation by modulating cellular proliferation and apoptosis, and migration and invasion inhibition. In this context, this manuscript reviews the current information about many important microRNAs as they relate to the initiation and progression of LC.
O marketingde relacionamento na indústria farmacêutica visa levar qualidade de vida para as pessoas, ao mesmo tempo envolvendo interesses da indústria farmacêutica. Teve-se como objetivo analisar como a ferramenta marketingde relacionamento utilizado pelo representante propagandista pode ter influência na prescrição médica. Realizou-se pesquisa quantitativa e exploratória, utilizando-se de técnica estatística, junto à classe médica de otorrinolaringologia de Fortaleza. Utilizou-se um questionário com escala Likert de cinco pontos. Os principais resultados alcançados referem-se à constatação que para a classe médica estudada, o representante de medicamento exerce um importante papel, levando conhecimentos sobre novas moléculas, atualizações científicas, gerando lembrança das marcas existentes no mercado, fornecendo uma importante prestação de serviço para a sociedade como um todo, e também sendo uma ligação entre a classe médica e os fabricantes de medicamentos. Conclui-se que o marketing de relacionamento realizado pelos representantes propagandistas promove a fidelização de clientes.
Artigo de revisãoReview ARticle ARtículo de Revisión RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho é inserir definitivamente a odontologia no contexto do esporte de alto rendimento, com o firme propósito de estabelecer uma linguagem comum com a medicina do esporte. Consideramos que as práticas clínicas aplicadas a atletas de alto desempenho devem obedecer a regras e momentos adequados, levando-se em conta o contexto das demandas relativas aos atletas de ponta, ou seja, o desgaste fisiológico e o processo adaptativo ao sobre-esforço, e todas as suas consequências. A odontologia dentro dos clubes esportivos promoveria a saúde bucal e sistêmica dos atletas, controlando lesões bucais em integração com outros departamentos da área médica, equilíbrio hídrico, controle dietético, sobretreinamento e uso de energéticos e isotônicos. Quando as ações educativas forem inseridas desde a infância nas práticas esportivas, teremos, certamente, menor número de problemas bucais com mais necessidades preventivas que curativas. Sugerimos para as categorias de base, para atletas em formação, a inclusão de um odontopediatra nos clubes esportivos, como um profissional de importante atuação em saúde.Descritores: odontologia; esportes; infecção focal; saúde bucal; atletas; periodontia. ABSTRACT The purpose of this work is to definitively insert Dentistry in the context of high performance sports, with the main goal of establishing a common language with Sports Medicine. We consider that the clinical practices applied to high performance athletes should obey appropriate rules and moments, taking into account the context of the demands on the top athletes, i.e., the physiological wastage and the adaptive process to over-effort, and all its consequences. Dentistry inside the sports clubs would promote the oral and systemic health of athletes, controlling oral lesions in- RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es, sin duda introducir la odontología en el contexto del deporte de alto rendimiento, con el firme propósito de establecer un lenguaje común con la medicina deportiva. Creemos que la práctica clínica aplicada a los atletas de alto rendimiento deben obedecer las reglas y los momentos apropiados, teniendo en cuenta el contexto de las demandas relacionadas con atletas de alto rendimiento, es decir, el desgaste fisiológico y el proceso de adaptación a un exceso de ejercicio, y todas sus consecuencias. La odontología, en los clubes deportivos promovería la salud oral y sistémica de los atletas mediante el control de las lesiones orales, interactuando con otros departamentos médicos, el balance hídrico, control de la dieta, el sobreentrenamiento y el consumo de bebidas energéticas e isotónicas. Cuando se introducen actividades educacionales desde la infancia en las prácticas deportivas, sin duda vamos a tener problemas dentales menores, con mayor necesidad de prevención en lugar de curación. Sugerimos a las categorías básicas, para los atletas en formación, incluir un dentista pediátrico en los clubes deportivos, como profesional de importante acción rela...
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the influence of characteristics of the institutional environment on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR).Design/methodology/approachThis is a quantitative and descriptive research. The dependent variables used were environmental dimension (ED) and social dimension (SD) that together compose the corporate social performance (CSP). The independent variables that will be used are the characteristics of the institutional environments of Brazil and the UK. Thus, for this end, variables of the national business system of both countries will be used: corruption transparency, access to credit by countries, quality of the education system and labor relations. After their collection, the data were submitted to descriptive and inferential statistics and hierarchical regression.FindingsData show that UK companies make more disclosure in CSR than Brazilian companies. Through linear regression, it can be seen that the institutional environment affects disclosure in CSR. In the UK, a country with better educational, labor, political and financial indicators than Brazil, it presented better CSR practices. The findings reveal that the better an institutional environment, the more firms act in CSR. The findings of the research confirm the premise of institutional theory: different institutional fields can modify business performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study analyzed only the disclosure practices of companies in the public sector. Thus, the results should be carefully analyzed, without generalizations for all industry sectors. Therefore, it is suggested that future research looks at other industry sectors as well as other institutional contexts, i.e. other countries.Practical implicationsMultinational companies may have different CSR practices according to the institutional environment in which they operate. For example, companies in developed countries, such as the UK, have greater stakeholder pressure. Given this, managers must adapt their environmental strategies according to the institutional environment in which they operate.Originality/valueThis research contributes to CSR studies in various institutional contexts. There is a consensus in the literature that institutional environments affect firms' CSR practices. However, few empirical studies show results between the national business system and CSR. Thus, the present study intends to fill this research gap.
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